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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Mathematics \Math`e*mat"ics\, n. [F. math['e]matiques, pl., L.
mathematica, sing., Gr. ? (sc. ?) science. See {Mathematic},
and {-ics}.]
That science, or class of sciences, which treats of the exact
relations existing between quantities or magnitudes, and of
the methods by which, in accordance with these relations,
quantities sought are deducible from other quantities known
or supposed; the science of spatial and quantitative
relations.
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Note: Mathematics embraces three departments, namely: 1.
{Arithmetic}. 2. {Geometry}, including {Trigonometry}
and {Conic Sections}. 3. {Analysis}, in which letters
are used, including {Algebra}, {Analytical Geometry},
and {Calculus}. Each of these divisions is divided into
pure or abstract, which considers magnitude or quantity
abstractly, without relation to matter; and mixed or
applied, which treats of magnitude as subsisting in
material bodies, and is consequently interwoven with
physical considerations.
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Arithmetic \A*rith"me*tic\, n. [OE. arsmetike, OF. arismetique,
L. arithmetica, fr. Gr. ? (sc. ?), fr. ? arithmetical, fr. ?
to number, fr. ? number, prob. fr. same root as E. arm, the
idea of counting coming from that of fitting, attaching. See
{Arm}. The modern Eng. and French forms are accommodated to
the Greek.]
1. The science of numbers; the art of computation by figures.
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2. A book containing the principles of this science.
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{Arithmetic of sines}, trigonometry.

{Political arithmetic}, the application of the science of
numbers to problems in civil government, political
economy, and social science.

{Universal arithmetic}, the name given by Sir Isaac Newton to
algebra.
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