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deposition 音標拼音: [d ,ɛpəz'ɪʃən] n. 沉積作用,沉積物 沈積作用,沈積物 deposition沉積 deposition n 1: the natural process of laying down a deposit of something [ synonym: { deposition}, { deposit}] 2: ( law) a pretrial interrogation of a witness; usually conducted in a lawyer' s office 3: the act of putting something somewhere [ synonym: { deposit}, { deposition}] 4: the act of deposing someone; removing a powerful person from a position or office [ synonym: { deposition}, { dethronement}] Deposition \ Dep` o* si" tion\, n. [ L. depositio, fr. deponere: cf. F. d[' e] position. See { Deposit}.] 1. The act of depositing or deposing; the act of laying down or thrown down; precipitation. [ 1913 Webster] The deposition of rough sand and rolled pebbles. -- H. Miller. [ 1913 Webster] 2. The act of bringing before the mind; presentation. [ 1913 Webster] The influence of princes upon the dispositions of their courts needs not the deposition of their examples, since it hath the authority of a known principle. -- W. Montagu. [ 1913 Webster] 3. The act of setting aside a sovereign or a public officer; deprivation of authority and dignity; displacement; removal. [ 1913 Webster] Note: A deposition differs from an abdication, an abdication being voluntary, and a deposition compulsory. [ 1913 Webster] 4. That which is deposited; matter laid or thrown down; sediment; alluvial matter; as, banks are sometimes depositions of alluvial matter. [ 1913 Webster] 5. An opinion, example, or statement, laid down or asserted; a declaration. [ 1913 Webster] 6. ( Law) The act of laying down one' s testimony in writing; also, testimony laid or taken down in writing, under oath or affirmation, before some competent officer, and in reply to interrogatories and cross- interrogatories. Syn: { Deposition}, { Affidavit}. Usage: Affidavit is the wider term. It denotes any authorized ex parte written statement of a person, sworn to or affirmed before some competent magistrate. It is made without cross- examination, and requires no notice to an opposing party. It is generally signed by the party making it, and may be drawn up by himself or any other person. A deposition is the written testimony of a witness, taken down in due form of law, and sworn to or affirmed by the deponent. It must be taken before some authorized magistrate, and upon a prescribed or reasonable notice to the opposing party, that may attend and cross- examine. It is generally written down from the mouth of the witness by the magistrate, or some person for him, and in his presence. [ 1913 Webster] 147 Moby Thesaurus words for " deposition": admission, affidavit, affirmation, allegation, allocation, alluvion, alluvium, ash, assertion, asseveration, assignment, attest, attestation, authority, authorization, averment, avouchment, avowal, bill, bill of complaint, bill of health, cashiering, certificate, certificate of proficiency, certification, cinder, claim, clinker, collocation, complaint, compurgation, credential, declaration, deconsecration, defrocking, deployment, deposal, deposit, deposits, deprivation, dethronement, diluvium, diploma, disbarment, disbarring, disclosure, discrownment, disenthronement, dismissal, displacement, disposition, draff, dregs, dross, ember, emplacement, excommunication, expulsion, feces, firing, forced resignation, froth, grounds, impeachment, instrument in proof, kicking upstairs, lading, lees, legal evidence, libel, liquidation, loading, localization, locating, location, loess, manifesto, moraine, narratio, navicert, nolle prosequi, nonsuit, notarized statement, note, offscum, ousting, overthrow, overthrowal, packing, pensioning off, pinpointing, placement, placing, position paper, positioning, posting, precipitate, precipitation, profession, purge, putting, removal, reposition, retirement, scoria, scum, sediment, settlings, sheepskin, silt, sinter, situation, slag, smut, solemn declaration, soot, spotting, statement, statement of belief, statement of facts, statement under oath, stationing, storage, stowage, sublimate, superannuation, suspension, swearing, sworn evidence, sworn statement, sworn testimony, testamur, testimonial, testimonium, testimony, ticket, unchurching, unfrocking, unseating, visa, vise, voucher, vouching, warrant, warranty, witness, wordDEPOSITION, evidence. The testimony of a witness reduced to writing, in due form of law, taken by virtue of a commission or other authority of a competent tribunal. 2. Before it is taken, the witness ought to be sworn or affirmed to declare the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. It should properly be written by the commissioner appointed to take it, or by the witness himself; 3 Penna. R. 41; or by one not interested in the matter in dispute, who is properly authorized by the commissioner. 8 Watts, R. 406, 524. It ought to answer all the interrogatories, and be signed by the witness, when he can write, and by the commissioner. When the witness cannot write, it ought to be so stated, and he should make his mark or cross. 3. Depositions in criminal cases cannot be taken without the consent of the defendant. Vide, generally, 1 Phil. Ev. 286; 1 Vern. 413, note; Ayl. Pand. 206; 2 Supp. to Ves. jr. 309; 7 Vin. Ab. 553; 12 Vin. Ab. 107; Dane' s Ab. Index, h. t.; Com. Dig. Chancery, P 8, T 4, T 5; Com. Dig. Testmoigne, C 4. 4. The Act of September 24, 1789, s. 30, 1 Story' s L. U. S. 64, directs that when the testimony of any person shall be necessary in any civil cause depending in any district, in any court of the United States, who shall live at a greater distance from the place of trial than one hundred miles, or is bound on a voyage to sea, or is about to go out of the United States, or out of such district, and to a greater distance from the place of trial than as aforesaid, before the time of trial, or is ancient, or very infirm, the deposition of such person may be taken de bene esse, before any justice or judge of any of the courts of the United States, or before any chancellor, justice, or judge of a supreme or superior court, mayor, or chief magistrate of a city, or judge of a county court or court of common pleas of any of the United States, not being of counsel or attorney to either of the parties, or interested in the event of the cause; provided that a notification from the magistrate before whom the deposition is to be taken, to the adverse party, to be present at the taking of the same, and to put interrogatories, if he think fit, be first made out and served on the adverse party, or his attorney, as either may be nearest, if either is within one hundred miles of the place of such caption, allowing time for their attendance after being notified, not less than at the rate of one day, Sundays exclusive, for every twenty miles travel. And in causes of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction, or other causes of seizure, when a libel shall be filed, in which an adverse party is not named, and depositions of persons, circumstanced as aforesaid, shall be taken before a claim be put in, the like notification, as aforesaid, shall be given to the person having the agency or possession of the property libelled at the time of the capture or seizure of the same, if known to the libellant. And every person deposing as aforesaid, shall be carefully examined and cautioned, and sworn or affirmed to testify the whole truth, and shall subscribe the testimony by him or her given, after the same shall be reduced to writing, which shall be done only by the magistrate taking the deposition, or by the deponent in his presence. And the deposition so taken shall be retained by such magistrate, until he deliver the same with his own, hand into the court for which they are taken, or shall, together with a certificate of the reasons as aforesaid, of their being taken, and of the notice, if any given, to the adverse party, be by him, the said magistrate, sealed up and directed to such court, and remain under his seal until opened in court. And any person may be compelled to appear and depose as aforesaid, in the same manner as to appear and testify in court. And in the trial of any cause of admiralty or maritime jurisdiction in a district court, the decree in which may be appealed from, if either party shall suggest to and satisfy the court, that probably it will not be in his power to produce the witnesses, there testifying, before the circuit court, should an appeal be had, and shall move that their testimony shall be taken down in writing, it shall be so done by the clerk of the court. And if an appeal be had, such testimony may be used on the trial of the same, if it shall appear to the satisfaction of the court, which shall try the appeal, that the witnesses are then dead, or gone out of the United States, or to, a greater distance than as aforesaid, from the place where the court is sitting; or that, by reason of age, sickness, bodily infirmity, or imprisonment, they are unable to travel or, appear at court, but not otherwise. And unless the same shall be made to appear on the trial of any cause, with respect to witnesses whose depositions may have been taken therein, such depositions shall not be admitted or used in the cause. Provided, that nothing herein shall be construed to prevent any court of the United States from granting a dedimus potestatem, to take depositions according to common usage, when it may be necessary to prevent a failure or delay of justice; which power they shall severally possess nor to extend to depositions taken in perpetuam rei memoriam, which, if they relate to matters that may be cognizable in any court of the United States, a circuit court, on application thereto made as a court of equity, may, according to the usages in chancery, direct to be taken. 5. The Act of January 24, 1827, 3 Story' s L. U. S. 2040, authorizes the clerk of any court of the United States within which a witness resides or where he is found, to issue a subpoena to compel the attendance of such witness, and a neglect of the witness to attend may be punished by the court whose clerk has issued the subpoena, as for a contempt. And when papers are wanted by the parties litigant, the judge of the court within which they are, may issue a subpoena duces tecum, and enforce obedience by punishment as for a contempt. For the form and style of depositions, see Gresl. Eq. Ev. 77.
DEPOSITION, eccl. law. The act of depriving a clergyman, by a competent tribunal, of his clerical orders, to punish him for some offence, and to prevent his acting in future in his clerical character. Ayl. Par. 206.
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