中文英文字典辭典Word104.com

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Average \Av"er*age\, n. [OF. average, LL. averagium, prob. fr.
OF. aver, F. avoir, property, horses, cattle, etc.; prop.
infin., to have, from L. habere to have. Cf. F. av['e]rage
small cattle, and avarie (perh. of different origin) damage
to ship or cargo, port dues. The first meaning was perhaps
the service of carting a feudal lord's wheat, then charge for
carriage, the contribution towards loss of things carried, in
proportion to the amount of each person's property. Cf.
{Aver}, n., {Avercorn}, {Averpenny}.]
1. (OLd Eng. Law) That service which a tenant owed his lord,
to be done by the work beasts of the tenant, as the
carriage of wheat, turf, etc.
[1913 Webster]

2. [Cf. F. avarie damage to ship or cargo.] (Com.)
(a) A tariff or duty on goods, etc. [Obs.]
(b) Any charge in addition to the regular charge for
freight of goods shipped.
(c) A contribution to a loss or charge which has been
imposed upon one of several for the general benefit;
damage done by sea perils.
(d) The equitable and proportionate distribution of loss
or expense among all interested.
[1913 Webster]

{General average}, a contribution made, by all parties
concerned in a sea adventure, toward a loss occasioned by
the voluntary sacrifice of the property of some of the
parties in interest for the benefit of all. It is called
general average, because it falls upon the gross amount of
ship, cargo, and freight at risk and saved by the
sacrifice. --Kent.

{Particular average} signifies the damage or partial loss
happening to the ship, or cargo, or freight, in
consequence of some fortuitous or unavoidable accident;
and it is borne by the individual owners of the articles
damaged, or by their insurers.

{Petty averages} are sundry small charges, which occur
regularly, and are necessarily defrayed by the master in
the usual course of a voyage; such as port charges, common
pilotage, and the like, which formerly were, and in some
cases still are, borne partly by the ship and partly by
the cargo. In the clause commonly found in bills of
lading, "primage and average accustomed," average means a
kind of composition established by usage for such charges,
which were formerly assessed by way of average. --Arnould.
--Abbott. --Phillips.
[1913 Webster]

3. A mean proportion, medial sum or quantity, made out of
unequal sums or quantities; an arithmetical mean. Thus, if
A loses 5 dollars, B 9, and C 16, the sum is 30, and the
average 10.
[1913 Webster]

4. Any medial estimate or general statement derived from a
comparison of diverse specific cases; a medium or usual
size, quantity, quality, rate, etc. "The average of
sensations." --Paley.
[1913 Webster]

5. pl. In the English corn trade, the medial price of the
several kinds of grain in the principal corn markets.
[1913 Webster]

{On an average}, taking the mean of unequal numbers or
quantities.
[1913 Webster]


Average \Av"er*age\, a.
1. Pertaining to an average or mean; medial; containing a
mean proportion; of a mean size, quality, ability, etc.;
ordinary; usual; as, an average rate of profit; an average
amount of rain; the average Englishman; beings of the
average stamp.
[1913 Webster]

2. According to the laws of averages; as, the loss must be
made good by average contribution.
[1913 Webster]


Average \Av"er*age\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Averaged} (?); p. pr.
& vb. n. {Averaging}.]
1. To find the mean of, when sums or quantities are unequal;
to reduce to a mean.
[1913 Webster]

2. To divide among a number, according to a given proportion;
as, to average a loss.
[1913 Webster]

3. To do, accomplish, get, etc., on an average.
[1913 Webster]


Average \Av"er*age\, v. i.
To form, or exist in, a mean or medial sum or quantity; to
amount to, or to be, on an average; as, the losses of the
owners will average twenty five dollars each; these spars
average ten feet in length.
[1913 Webster]