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civil 音標拼音: [s'ɪvəl] a.
公民的,市民的;國內的,民間的;文職的;有禮貌的,文明的 公民的,市民的;國內的,民間的;文職的;有禮貌的,文明的 civil民用 土木 civil adj 1: applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military; " civil authorities" 2: not rude; marked by satisfactory ( or especially minimal) adherence to social usages and sufficient but not noteworthy consideration for others; " even if he didn' t like them he should have been civil"- W. S. Maugham [ synonym: { civil}, { polite}] [ ant: { rude}, { uncivil}] 3: of or occurring within the state or between or among citizens of the state; " civil affairs"; " civil strife"; " civil disobedience"; " civil branches of government" 4: of or relating to or befitting citizens as individuals; " civil rights"; " civil liberty"; " civic duties"; " civic pride" [ synonym: { civil}, { civic}] 5: ( of divisions of time) legally recognized in ordinary affairs of life; " the civil calendar"; " a civil day begins at mean midnight" [ ant: { sidereal}] 6: of or in a condition of social order; " civil peoples" Civil \ Civ" il\, a. [ L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil. See { City}.] 1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within the city or state. [ 1913 Webster] 2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not barbarous; -- said of the community. [ 1913 Webster] England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but even the other day since England grew civil. -- Spenser. [ 1913 Webster] 3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to government; -- said of an individual. [ 1913 Webster] Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others; they come within a step or two of heaven. -- Preston [ 1913 Webster] 4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous; complaisant; affable. [ 1913 Webster] Note: " A civil man now is one observant of slight external courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the duties and obligations flowing from his position as a ' civis' and his relations to the other members of that ' civitas.'" -- Trench [ 1913 Webster] 5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from military, ecclesiastical, or official state. [ 1913 Webster] 6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit distinct from criminal proceedings. [ 1913 Webster] { Civil action}, an action to enforce the rights or redress the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal proceeding. { Civil architecture}, the architecture which is employed in constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in distinction from military and naval architecture, as private houses, palaces, churches, etc. { Civil death}. ( Law.) See under { Death}. { Civil engineering}. See under { Engineering}. { Civil law}. See under { Law}. { Civil list}. See under { List}. { Civil remedy} ( Law), that given to a person injured, by action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution. { Civil service}, all service rendered to and paid for by the state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or military affairs. { Civil service reform}, the substitution of business principles and methods for the spoils system in the conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of appointments to office. { Civil state}, the whole body of the laity or citizens not included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical states. { Civil suit}. Same as { Civil action}. { Civil war}. See under { War}. { Civil year}. See under { Year}. [ 1913 Webster] 131 Moby Thesaurus words for " civil": absolute, accommodating, affable, agreeable, amiable, appropriate, aristocratic, attentive, authoritarian, autocratic, autonomous, becoming, bland, bureaucratic, civic, civilian, civilized, clubbable, clubbish, clubby, common, communal, communicative, companionable, companionate, compatible, complaisant, congenial, congregational, considerate, constitutional, cordial, cosmopolitan, courteous, courtly, cultivated, decent, decorous, deferential, democratic, despotic, dictatorial, diplomatic, domestic, fair, fascist, federal, federalist, federalistic, felicitous, fit for society, fitting, fond of society, formal, friendly, general, genial, genteel, governmental, graceful, gracious, gregarious, gubernatorial, happy, heteronomous, hospitable, impolite, internal, international, laic, laical, lay, mannered, mannerly, matriarchal, matriarchic, meet, monarchal, monarchial, monarchic, monocratic, national, nonclerical, nonecclesiastical, nonministerial, nonordained, nonpastoral, nonreligious, obliging, official, oligarchal, oligarchic, parliamentarian, parliamentary, patriarchal, patriarchic, pluralistic, polished, polite, politic, political, popular, proper, public, refined, republican, respectful, right, secular, secularist, secularistic, seemly, self- governing, sociable, social, social- minded, societal, solicitous, state, suave, suitable, supranational, tactful, temporal, theocratic, thoughtful, totalitarian, ungracious, urbane, well- bred, well- manneredCIVIL. This word has various significations. 1. It is used in contradistinction to barbarous or savage, to indicate a state of society reduced to order and regular government; thus we speak of civil life, civil society, civil government, and civil liberty 2. It is sometimes used in contradistinction to criminal, to indicate the private rights and remedies of men, as members of the community, in contrast to those which are public and relate to the government; thus we speak of civil process and criminal process, civil jurisdiction and criminal jurisdiction. 3. It is also used in contradistinction to military or ecclesiastical, to natural or foreign; thus we speak of a civil station, as opposed to a military or ecclesiastical station, a civil death as opposed to a natural death; a civil war as opposed to a foreign war. Story on the Const. Sec. 789; 1 Bl. Coin. 6, 125, 251; Montesq. Sp. of Laws, B 1, c. 3; Ruth. Inst. B. 2, c. 2; Id. ch. 3Id. ch. 8, p. 359; Hein. Elem. Jurisp. Nat. B. 2, ch. 6.
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