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confirmation 音標拼音: [k ,ɑnfɚm'eʃən] n. 確認
n. 證實,鞏固,批準 確認証實,鞏固,批准 confirmation確認 confirmation n 1: additional proof that something that was believed ( some fact or hypothesis or theory) is correct; " fossils provided further confirmation of the evolutionary theory" [ synonym: { confirmation}, { verification}, { check}, { substantiation}] 2: information that confirms or verifies 3: making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it; " the ratification of the treaty"; " confirmation of the appointment" [ synonym: { ratification}, { confirmation}] 4: a ceremony held in the synagogue ( usually at Pentecost) to admit as adult members of the Jewish community young men and women who have successfully completed a course of study in Judaism 5: a sacrament admitting a baptized person to full participation in the churchConfirmation \ Con` fir* ma" tion\, n. [ F. confirmation, L. confirmatio.] 1. The act of confirming or strengthening; the act of establishing, ratifying, or sanctioning; as, the confirmation of an appointment. [ 1913 Webster] Their blood is shed In confirmation of the noblest claim. -- Cowper. [ 1913 Webster] 2. That which confirms; that which gives new strength or assurance; as to a statement or belief; additional evidence; proof; convincing testimony. [ 1913 Webster] Trifles light as air Are to the jealous confirmations strong As proofs of holy writ. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 3. ( Eccl.) A rite supplemental to baptism, by which a person is admitted, through the laying on of the hands of a bishop, to the full privileges of the church, as in the Roman Catholic, the Episcopal Church, etc. [ 1913 Webster] This ordinance is called confirmation, because they who duly receive it are confirmed or strengthened for the fulfillment of their Christian duties, by the grace therein bestowed upon them. -- Hook. [ 1913 Webster] 4. ( Law) A conveyance by which a voidable estate is made sure and not voidable, or by which a particular estate is increased; a contract, express or implied, by which a person makes that firm and binding which was before voidable. [ 1913 Webster] 114 Moby Thesaurus words for " confirmation": John Hancock, OK, acceptance, affirmance, affirmation, agape, approbation, approval, ascertainment, asperges, aspersion, assurance, attestation, auricular confession, authentication, authorization, backing, backing up, baptism, bar mitzvah, bas mitzvah, bearing out, bolstering, buttressing, celebration, certification, check, checking, circumcision, circumstantiation, collation, comparative scrutiny, confession, corroboration, corroboratory evidence, countersignature, cross- check, deep- rootedness, deep- seatedness, determination, documentation, embedment, endorsement, ensuring, entrenchment, establishment, evidence, extreme unction, fixation, fixedness, fixity, fixture, fortification, go- ahead, green light, high celebration, holy orders, implantation, imprimatur, incense, infixion, inveteracy, invocation, invocation of saints, kiss of peace, lesser litany, litany, love feast, lustration, matrimony, nod, notarization, okay, pax, penance, permission, processional, proof, proving, proving out, ratification, reassurance, reassurement, reciting the rosary, reinforcement, rubber stamp, sanction, seal, seven sacraments, sigil, signature, signet, stabilization, stamp, stamp of approval, strengthening, subscription, substantiation, support, supporting evidence, telling of beads, testament, testimonial, the Eucharist, the confessional, the confessionary, the nod, undergirding, validation, verification, visa, vise, warrant, witnessCONFIRMATION, contracts, conveyancing. 1. A contract by which that which was voidable, is made firm and unavoidable. 2. A species of conveyance. 2. - 1. When a contract has been entered into by a stranger without authority, he in whose name it has been made may, by his own act, confirm it; or if the contract be made by the party himself in an informal and voidable manner, he may in a more formal manner confirm and render it valid; and in that event it will take effect, as between the parties, from the original making. To make a valid confirmation, the party must be apprised of, his rights, and where there has been a fraud in the transaction, he must be award of it, and intend to confirm his contract. Vide 1 Ball & Beatty, 353; 2 Scho. & Lef. 486; 12 Ves. 373; 1 Ves. Jr. 215; Newl. Contr. 496; 1 Atk. 301; 8 Watts. R. 280. 3. - 2. Lord Coke defines a confirmation of an estate, to be " a conveyance of an estate or right in esse, whereby a voidable estate is made sure and unavoidable; or where a particular estate is increased." 4. The first part of this definition may be illustrated by the following case, put by Littleton, Sec. 516; where a person lets land to another for the term of his life, who lets the same to another for forty years, by force of which he is in possession; if the lessor for life confirms the estate of the tenant for years by deed, and afterwards the tenant for life dies, during the term; this deed will operate as a confirmation of the term for years.. As to the latter branch of the definition; whenever a confirmation operates by way of increasing the estate, it is similar in every respect to a release that operates by way of enlargement, for there must be privity of estate, and proper words of limitation. The proper technical words of a confirmation are, ratify and confirm; although it is usual and prudent to insert also the words given and granted. Watk. Prin. Convey. chap. vii. 5. A confirmation does not strengthen a void estate. Confirmatio est nulla, ubi donum precedens est invalidum, et ubi donatio nulla est nec valebit confirmatio. For confirmation may make a voidable or defeasible estate good, but cannot operate on an estate void in law. Co. Litt. 295. The canon law agrees with this rule, and hence the maxim, qui confirmat nihil dat. Toull. Dr. Civ. Fr. liv. 3, t. 3, c. 6, n. 476. Vide Vin. Ab. h. t.; Com. Dig. 11. t.; Ayliffe' s Pand. * 386; 1 Chit. Pr. 315; 3 Gill & John. 290; 3 Yerg. R. 405; Co. Litt. 295; Gilbert on Ten. 75; 1 Breese' s R. 236; 9 Co. 142, a; 2 Bouv. Inst. n. 2067- 9. 6. An infant is said to confirm his acts performed during infancy, when, after coming to full age, be expressly approves of them, or does acts from which such confirmation way be implied. Sec Ratification.
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