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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Koran \Ko"ran\ (k[=o]"ran or k[-o]*r[aum]n"; 277), n. [Ar.
qor[=a]n; with the Ar. article, Alkoran, Alcoran; = Turk.
Pers. qur[^a]n, from Ar. quran, qoran, book, reading, from
q[^a]r[^a], read. See {Alcoran}.]
The Scriptures of the Muslims, containing the professed
revelations to Mohammed; -- called also {Alcoran}. [Written
also {Kuran} or {Quran}, Also rarely {Coran} and {Core}.]

Note: The Koran is the sacred book of the Muslims (sometimes
called Mohammedans by non-Muslims, a term considered
offensive by some Muslims). It is the most important
foundation on which Islam rests and it is held in the
highest veneration by all Islamic sects. When being
read it must be kept on a stand elevated above the
floor. No one may read it or touch it without first
making a legal ablution. It is written in the Arabic
language, and its style is considered a model. The
substance of the Koran is held to be uncreated and
eternal. Mohammed was merely the person to whom the
work was revealed. At first the Koran was not written,
but entirely committed to memory. But when a great many
of the best Koran reciters had been killed in battle,
Omar suggested to Abu-Bekr (the successor of Mohammed)
that it should be written down. Abu-Bekr accordingly
commanded Zeid, an amanuensis of the prophet, to commit
it to writing. This was the authorized text until 23
years after the death of the prophet. A number of
variant readings had, however, crept into use. By order
of the calif Osman in the year 30 of the Hejira, Zeid
and three assistants made a careful revision which was
adopted as the standard, and all the other copies were
ordered to be burned. The Koran consists of 114 suras
or divisions. These are not numbered, but each one has
a separate name. They are not arranged in historical
order. These suras purport to be the addresses
delivered by Mohammed during his career at Mecca and
Medina. As a general rule the shorter suras, which
contain the theology of Islam, belong to the Meccan
period; while the longer ones, relating to social
duties and relationships, to Medina. The Koran is
largely drawn from Jewish and Christian sources, the
former prevailing. Moses and Jesus are reckoned among
the prophets. The biblical narratives are interwoven
with rabbinical legends. The customs of the Jews are
made to conform to those of the Arabians. Islamic
theology consists in the study of the Koran and its
commentaries. A very fine collection of Korans,
including one in Cufic (the old Arabic character), is
to be found in the Khedival Library at Cairo, Egypt.
[Century Dict. 1906]


Cor \Cor\ (k[^o]r), n. [Heb. k[=o]r.]
A Hebrew measure of capacity; a homer. [Written also {core}.]
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Core \Core\ (k[=o]r), n. [F. corps. See {Corps}.]
A body of individuals; an assemblage. [Obs.]
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He was in a core of people. --Bacon.
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Core \Core\, n. [Cf. {Chore}.] (Mining.)
A miner's underground working time or shift. --Raymond.
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Note: The twenty-four hours are divided into three or four
cores.
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Core \Core\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Cord} (k?rd); p. pr. & vb. n.
{Coring}.]
1. To take out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an
apple.
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He's like a corn upon my great toe . . . he must be
cored out. --Marston.
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2. To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.
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3. To extract a cylindrical sample from, with a boring
device. See {core[8]}.
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Core \Core\, n. [Heb. k[=o]r: cf. Gr. ko`ros.]
A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer. --Num. xi. 32 (Douay
version).
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Core \Core\, n. [OF. cor, coer, cuer, F. c[oe]ur, fr. L. cor
heart. See {Heart}.]
1. The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall,
rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of
fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an
apple or quince.
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A fever at the core,
Fatal to him who bears, to all who ever bore.
--Byron.
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2. The center or inner part, as of an open space; as, the
core of a square. [Obs.] --Sir W. Raleigh.
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3. The most important part of a thing; the essence; as, the
core of a subject; -- also used attributively, as the core
curriculum at a college.
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4. (Founding) The portion of a mold which shapes the interior
of a cylinder, tube, or other hollow casting, or which
makes a hole in or through a casting; a part of the mold,
made separate from and inserted in it, for shaping some
part of the casting, the form of which is not determined
by that of the pattern.
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5. A disorder of sheep occasioned by worms in the liver.
[Prov. Eng.] --Halliwell.
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6. (Anat.) The bony process which forms the central axis of
the horns in many animals.
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7. (Elec.) A mass of iron or other ferrous metal, forming the
central part of an electromagnet, such as those upon which
the conductor of an armature, a transformer, or an
induction coil is wound.

Note: The presence of the iron intensifies the magnetic field
created by a a current passing through the windings.
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8. (mining) a sample of earth or rock extracted from
underground by a drilling device in such a manner that the
layers of rock are preserved in the same order as they
exist underground; as, to drill a core; to extract a core.
The sample is typically removed with a rotating drill bit
having a hollow center, and is thus shaped like a
cylinder.
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9. (Computers) The main working memory of a digital computer
system, which typically retains the program code being
executed as well as the data structures that are
manipulated by the program. Contrasted to {ROM} and {data
storage device}.

Note: The term was applied originally to the main memory,
consisting of small ferromagnetic rings, that were used
to store data in older computers, where each ring
representing one bit of information by virtue of its
state of magnetization. They were superseded by
electronic data storage devices.

Syn: core memory, random access memory, RAM
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10. (Geol.) the central part of the earth, believed to be a
sphere with a radius of about 2100 miles, and composed
primarily of molten iron with some nickel. It is
distinguished from the crust and mantle.
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11. (Engineering) the central part of a nuclear reactor,
containing the fissionable fuel.
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{Core box} (Founding), a box or mold, usually divisible, in
which cores are molded.

{Core print} (Founding), a projecting piece on a pattern
which forms, in the mold, an impression for holding in
place or steadying a core.

{Core dump} See {core dump} in the vocabulary.
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