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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Fat \Fat\, n. [See {Vat}, n.]
1. A large tub, cistern, or vessel; a vat. [Obs.]
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The fats shall overflow with wine and oil. --Joel
ii. 24.
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2. A measure of quantity, differing for different
commodities. [Obs.] --Hebert.
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Fat \Fat\, a. [Compar. {Fatter}; superl. {Fattest}.] [AS.
f[=ae]tt; akin to D. vet, G. fett, feist, Icel. feitr, Sw.
fet, Dan. fed, and perh. to Gr. pi^dax spring, fountain,
pidy`ein to gush forth, pi`wn fat, Skr. pi to swell.]
1. Abounding with fat; as:
(a) Fleshy; characterized by fatness; plump; corpulent;
not lean; as, a fat man; a fat ox.
(b) Oily; greasy; unctuous; rich; -- said of food.
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2. Exhibiting the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy;
gross; dull; stupid.
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Making our western wits fat and mean. --Emerson.
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Make the heart of this people fat. --Is. vi. 10.
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3. Fertile; productive; as, a fat soil; a fat pasture.
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4. Rich; producing a large income; desirable; as, a fat
benefice; a fat office; a fat job.
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Now parson of Troston, a fat living in Suffolk.
--Carlyle.
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5. Abounding in riches; affluent; fortunate. [Obs.]
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Persons grown fat and wealthy by long impostures.
--Swift.
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6. (Typog.) Of a character which enables the compositor to
make large wages; -- said of matter containing blank,
cuts, or many leads, etc.; as, a fat take; a fat page.
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{Fat lute}, a mixture of pipe clay and oil for filling
joints.
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Fat \Fat\, v. i.
To grow fat, plump, and fleshy.
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An old ox fats as well, and is as good, as a young one.
--Mortimer.
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Fat \Fat\, n.
1. (Physiol. Chem.) An oily liquid or greasy substance making
up the main bulk of the adipose tissue of animals, and
widely distributed in the seeds of plants. See {Adipose
tissue}, under {Adipose}.
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Note: Animal fats are composed mainly of three distinct fats,
tristearin, tripalmitin, and triolein, mixed in varying
proportions. As olein is liquid at ordinary
temperatures, while the other two fats are solid, it
follows that the consistency or hardness of fats
depends upon the relative proportion of the three
individual fats. During the life of an animal, the fat
is mainly in a liquid state in the fat cells, owing to
the solubility of the two solid fats in the more liquid
olein at the body temperature. Chemically, fats are
composed of fatty acid, as stearic, palmitic, oleic,
etc., united with glyceryl. In butter fat, olein and
palmitin predominate, mixed with another fat
characteristic of butter, butyrin. In the vegetable
kingdom many other fats or glycerides are to be found,
as myristin from nutmegs, a glyceride of lauric acid in
the fat of the bay tree, etc.
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2. The best or richest productions; the best part; as, to
live on the fat of the land.
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3. (Typog.) Work. containing much blank, or its equivalent,
and, therefore, profitable to the compositor.
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{Fat acid}. (Chem.) See {Sebacic acid}, under {Sebacic}.

{Fat series}, {Fatty series} (Chem.), the series of the
paraffine hydrocarbons and their derivatives; the marsh
gas or methane series.

{Natural fats} (Chem.), the group of oily substances of
natural occurrence, as butter, lard, tallow, etc., as
distinguished from certain fatlike substance of artificial
production, as paraffin. Most natural fats are essentially
mixtures of triglycerides of fatty acids.
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Fat \Fat\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Fatted}; p. pr. & vb. n.
{atting}.] [OE. fatten, AS. f[=ae]ttian. See {Fat}, a., and
cf. {Fatten}.]
To make fat; to fatten; to make plump and fleshy with
abundant food; as, to fat fowls or sheep.
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We fat all creatures else to fat us. --Shak.
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