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justice 音標拼音: [dʒ'ʌstəs] [dʒ'ʌstɪs] n. 正義,公平,公正,正確,司法,審判 正義,公平,公正,正確,司法,審判 justice n 1: the quality of being just or fair [ synonym: { justice}, { justness}] [ ant: { injustice}, { unjustness}] 2: judgment involved in the determination of rights and the assignment of rewards and punishments 3: a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice [ synonym: { judge}, { justice}, { jurist}] 4: the United States federal department responsible for enforcing federal laws ( including the enforcement of all civil rights legislation); created in 1870 [ synonym: { Department of Justice}, { Justice Department}, { Justice}, { DoJ}] Justice \ Jus" tice\ ( j[ u^] s" t[ i^] s), n. [ F., fr. L. justitia, fr. justus just. See { Just}, a.] [ 1913 Webster] 1. The quality of being just; conformity to the principles of righteousness and rectitude in all things; strict performance of moral obligations; practical conformity to human or divine law; integrity in the dealings of men with each other; rectitude; equity; uprightness. [ 1913 Webster] Justice and judgment are the haditation of thy throne. -- Ps. ixxxix. 11. [ 1913 Webster] The king- becoming graces, As justice, verity, temperance, stableness, . . . I have no relish of them. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 2. Conformity to truth and reality in expressing opinions and in conduct; fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit; honesty; fidelity; impartiality; as, the justice of a description or of a judgment; historical justice. [ 1913 Webster] 3. The rendering to every one his due or right; just treatment; requital of desert; merited reward or punishment; that which is due to one' s conduct or motives. [ 1913 Webster] This even- handed justice Commends the ingredients of our poisoned chalice To our own lips. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 4. Agreeableness to right; equity; justness; as, the justice of a claim. [ 1913 Webster] 5. A person duly commissioned to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and administer justice. [ 1913 Webster] Note: This title is given to the judges of the common law courts in England and in the United States, and extends to judicial officers and magistrates of every grade. [ 1913 Webster] { Bed of justice}. See under { Bed}. { Chief justice}. See in the Vocabulary. { Justice of the peace} ( Law), a judicial officer or subordinate magistrate appointed for the conservation of the peace in a specified district, with other incidental powers specified in his commission. In the United States a justice of the peace has jurisdiction to adjudicate certain minor cases, commit offenders, officiate at marriages, etc.; abbreviated JP. Syn: Equity; law; right; rectitude; honesty; integrity; uprightness; fairness; impartiality. Usage: { Justice}, { Equity}, { Law}. Justice and equity are the same; but human laws, though designed to secure justice, are of necessity imperfect, and hence what is strictly legal is at times far from being equitable or just. Here a court of equity comes in to redress the grievances. It does so, as distinguished from courts of law; and as the latter are often styled courts of justice, some have fancied that there is in this case a conflict between justice and equity. The real conflict is against the working of the law; this a court of equity brings into accordance with the claims of justice. It would be an unfortunate use of language which should lead any one to imagine he might have justice on his side while practicing iniquity ( inequity). { Justice}, { Rectitude}. Rectitude, in its widest sense, is one of the most comprehensive words in our language, denoting absolute conformity to the rule of right in principle and practice. Justice refers more especially to the carrying out of law, and has been considered by moralists as of three kinds: ( 1) Commutative justice, which gives every man his own property, including things pledged by promise. ( 2) Distributive justice, which gives every man his exact deserts. ( 3) General justice, which carries out all the ends of law, though not in every case through the precise channels of commutative or distributive justice; as we see often done by a parent or a ruler in his dealings with those who are subject to his control. [ 1913 Webster]
Justice \ Jus" tice\, v. t. To administer justice to. [ Obs.] -- Bacon. [ 1913 Webster] 150 Moby Thesaurus words for " justice": Astraea, Dike, JP, Jupiter Fidius, Justice, Justitia, Minos, Nemesis, Rhadamanthus, Themis, actionability, applicability, arbiter, arbitrator, assured probity, balance, beak, bencher, blamelessness, blindfolded Justice, cardinal virtues, character, charity, cleanness, coequality, coextension, constitutional validity, constitutionalism, constitutionality, correspondence, court, critic, decency, detention, due process, dueness, entitledness, entitlement, equality, equation, equilibrium, equipoise, equipollence, equiponderance, equitableness, equity, equivalence, equivalency, erectness, estimableness, evenness, expectation, fair play, fair- mindedness, fairness, faith, fortitude, good character, goodness, high ideals, high principles, high- mindedness, his honor, his lordship, his worship, honesty, honor, honorableness, hope, identity, immaculacy, impartiality, imprisonment, incarceration, indicator, integrity, irreproachability, irreproachableness, judge, judger, judgment, judicatory, judicature, judicial process, judiciary, judiciousness, jurisdiction, justiciability, justifiable expectation, justness, law, lawfulness, legal form, legal process, legalism, legality, legitimacy, legitimateness, levelness, licitness, likeness, love, magistrate, meritedness, moderator, moral excellence, moral strength, morality, natural virtues, neutrality, nobility, objectiveness, objectivity, par, parallelism, parity, poise, principles, prison, probity, proportion, prudence, punishment, pureness, purity, rectitude, referee, reputability, respectability, right, righteousness, rightfulness, scope, stainlessness, supernatural virtues, symmetry, temperance, the courts, the law, theological virtues, umpire, unimpeachability, unimpeachableness, unspottedness, uprightness, upstandingness, validity, virtue, virtuousness, worthinessJustice is rendering to every one that which is his due. It has been distinguished from equity in this respect, that while justice means merely the doing what positive law demands, equity means the doing of what is fair and right in every separate case. JUSTICE. The constant and perpetual disposition to render every man his due. Just. Inst. B. 1, tit. 1. Toullier defines it to be the conformity of our actions and our will to the law. Dr. Civ. Fr. tit. prel. n. 5. In the most extensive sense of the word, it differs little from virtue, for it includes within itself the whole circle of virtues. Yet the common distinction between them is that that which considered positively and in itself, is called virtue, when considered relatively and with respect to others, has the name of justice. But justice being in itself a part of virtue, is confined to things simply good or evil, and consists in a man' s taking such a proportion of them as he ought. 2. Justice is either distributive or commutative. Distributive justice is that virtue whose object is to distribute rewards and punishments to each one according to his merits, observing a just proportion by comparing one person or fact with another, so that neither equal persons have unequal things, nor unequal persons things equal. Tr. of Eq. 3, and Toullier' s learned note, Dr. Civ. Fr. tit. prel. n. 7, note. 3. Commutative justice is that virtue whose object it is to render to every one what belongs to him, as nearly as may be, or that which governs contracts. To render commutative justice, the judge must make an equality between the parties, that no one may be a gainer by another' s loss. Tr. Eq. 3. 4. Toullier exposes the want of utility and exactness in this division of distributive and commutative justice, adopted in the compendium or abridgments of the ancient doctors, and prefers the division of internal and external justice; the first being a conformity of our will, and the latter a conformity of our actions to the law: their union making perfect justice. Exterior justice is the object of jurisprudence; interior justice is the object of morality. Dr. Civ. Fr. tit. prel. n. 6 et 7. 5. According to the Frederician code, part 1, book 1, tit. 2, s. 27, justice consists simply in letting every one enjoy the rights which he has acquired in virtue of the laws. And as this definition includes all the other rules of right, there is properly but one single general rule of right, namely, Give every one his own. See, generally, Puffend. Law of Nature and Nations, B. 1, c. 7, s. 89; Elementorum Jurisprudentiae Universalis, lib. 1, definito, 17, 3, 1; Geo. Lib. 2, c. 11, s. 3; Ld. Bac. Read. Stat. Uses, 306; Treatise of Equity, B. 1, c. 1, s. 1. |
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