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measure 音標拼音: [m'ɛʒɚ] vt. 量,測量;打量,估量,衡量
n. U尺寸,大小; C量度的單位,標準; C量度器;措施 量,測量;打量,估量,衡量 U尺寸,大小; C量度的單位,標準; C量度器;措施 measure測量;量度;度量;公約數;約數 measure測量 量測 測度 measure n 1: any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal; " the situation called for strong measures"; " the police took steps to reduce crime" [ synonym: { measure}, { step}] 2: how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify [ synonym: { measure}, { quantity}, { amount}] 3: a statute in draft before it becomes law; " they held a public hearing on the bill" [ synonym: { bill}, { measure}] 4: the act or process of assigning numbers to phenomena according to a rule; " the measurements were carefully done"; " his mental measurings proved remarkably accurate" [ synonym: { measurement}, { measuring}, { measure}, { mensuration}] 5: a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated; " the schools comply with federal standards"; " they set the measure for all subsequent work" [ synonym: { standard}, { criterion}, { measure}, { touchstone}] 6: ( prosody) the accent in a metrical foot of verse [ synonym: { meter}, { metre}, { measure}, { beat}, { cadence}] 7: musical notation for a repeating pattern of musical beats; " the orchestra omitted the last twelve bars of the song" [ synonym: { measure}, { bar}] 8: measuring instrument having a sequence of marks at regular intervals; used as a reference in making measurements [ synonym: { measuring stick}, { measure}, { measuring rod}] 9: a container of some standard capacity that is used to obtain fixed amounts of a substance v 1: determine the measurements of something or somebody, take measurements of; " Measure the length of the wall" [ synonym: { measure}, { mensurate}, { measure out}] 2: express as a number or measure or quantity; " Can you quantify your results?" [ synonym: { quantify}, { measure}] 3: have certain dimensions; " This table surfaces measures 20inches by 36 inches" 4: evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, or significance of; " I will have the family jewels appraised by a professional"; " access all the factors when taking a risk" [ synonym: { measure}, { evaluate}, { valuate}, { assess}, { appraise}, { value}] measure \ meas" ure\ ( m[ e^] zh"[- u] r; 135), n. [ OE. mesure, F. mesure, L. mensura, fr. metiri, mensus, to measure; akin to metrum poetical measure, Gr. me` tron, E. meter. Cf. { Immense}, { Mensuration}, { Mete} to measure.] 1. A standard of dimension; a fixed unit of quantity or extent; an extent or quantity in the fractions or multiples of which anything is estimated and stated; hence, a rule by which anything is adjusted or judged. [ 1913 Webster] 2. An instrument by means of which size or quantity is measured, as a graduated line, rod, vessel, or the like. [ 1913 Webster] False ells and measures be brought all clean adown. -- R. of Gloucester. [ 1913 Webster] 3. The dimensions or capacity of anything, reckoned according to some standard; size or extent, determined and stated; estimated extent; as, to take one' s measure for a coat. [ 1913 Webster] The measure thereof is longer than the earth, and broader than the sea. -- Job xi. 9. [ 1913 Webster] 4. The contents of a vessel by which quantity is measured; a quantity determined by a standard; a stated or limited quantity or amount. [ 1913 Webster] It is like leaven which a woman took and hid in three measures of meal. -- Luke xiii. 21. [ 1913 Webster] 5. Extent or degree not excessive or beyong bounds; moderation; due restraint; esp. in the phrases, in measure; with measure; without or beyond measure. [ 1913 Webster] Hell hath enlarged herself, and opened her mouth without measure. -- Is. v. 14. [ 1913 Webster] 6. Determined extent, not to be exceeded; limit; allotted share, as of action, influence, ability, or the like; due proportion. [ 1913 Webster] Lord, make me to know mine end, and the measure of my days. -- Ps. xxxix. 4. [ 1913 Webster] 7. The quantity determined by measuring, especially in buying and selling; as, to give good or full measure. [ 1913 Webster] 8. Undefined quantity; extent; degree. [ 1913 Webster] There is a great measure of discretion to be used in the performance of confession. -- Jer. Taylor. [ 1913 Webster] 9. Regulated division of movement: ( a) ( Dancing) A regulated movement corresponding to the time in which the accompanying music is performed; but, especially, a slow and stately dance, like the minuet. ( b) ( Mus.) ( 1) The group or grouping of beats, caused by the regular recurrence of accented beats. ( 2) The space between two bars. See { Beat}, { Triple}, { Quadruple}, { Sextuple}, { Compound time}, under { Compound}, a., and { Figure}. ( c) ( Poetry) The manner of ordering and combining the quantities, or long and short syllables; meter; rhythm; hence, a foot; as, a poem in iambic measure. [ 1913 Webster] 10. ( Arith.) A number which is contained in a given number a number of times without a remainder; as in the phrases, the common measure, the greatest common measure, etc., of two or more numbers; a denominator. See { common denominator} under { denominator}. [ 1913 Webster PJC] 11. A step or definite part of a progressive course or policy; a means to an end; an act designed for the accomplishment of an object; as, political measures; prudent measures; an inefficient measure. [ 1913 Webster] His majesty found what wrong measures he had taken in the conferring that trust, and lamented his error. -- Clarendon. [ 1913 Webster] 12. The act of measuring; measurement. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 13. pl. ( Geol.) Beds or strata; as, coal measures; lead measures. [ 1913 Webster] { linear measure}, { lineal measure}, or { long measure}, measure of length; the measure of lines or distances. { Liquid measure}, the measure of liquids. { Square measure}, the measure of superficial area of surfaces in square units, as inches, feet, miles, etc. { To have hard measure}, to have harsh treatment meted out to one; to be harshly or oppressively dealt with. { To take measures}, to make preparations; to provide means. { To take one' s measure}, to measure one, as for a garment; hence, to form an opinion of one' s disposition, character, ability, etc. { To tread a measure}, to dance in the style so called. See 9 ( a) . [ 1913 Webster] Say to her, we have measured many miles To tread a measure with her on this grass. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster]
Measure \ Meas" ure\, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. { Measured}; p. pr. & vb. n. { Measuring}.] [ F. mesurer, L. mensurare. See { Measure}, n.] 1. To ascertain by use of a measuring instrument; to compute or ascertain the extent, quantity, dimensions, or capacity of, by a certain rule or standard; to take the dimensions of; hence, to estimate; to judge of; to value; to appraise. [ 1913 Webster] Great are thy works, Jehovah, infinite Thy power! what thought can measure thee? -- Milton. [ 1913 Webster] 2. To serve as the measure of; as, the thermometer measures changes of temperature. [ 1913 Webster] 3. To pass throught or over in journeying, as if laying off and determining the distance. [ 1913 Webster] A true devoted pilgrim is not weary To measure kingdoms with his feeble steps. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 4. To adjust by a rule or standard. [ 1913 Webster] To secure a contented spirit, measure your desires by your fortunes, not your fortunes by your desires. -- Jer. Taylor. [ 1913 Webster] 5. To allot or distribute by measure; to set off or apart by measure; -- often with out or off. [ 1913 Webster] With what measure ye mete, it shall be measured to you again. -- Matt. vii. 2. [ 1913 Webster] That portion of eternity which is called time, measured out by the sun. -- Addison. [ 1913 Webster] { To measure swords with one}, to try another' s skill in the use of the sword; hence, figuratively, to match one' s abilities against an antagonist' s. [ 1913 Webster]
Measure \ Meas" ure\, v. i. 1. To make a measurement or measurements. [ 1913 Webster] 2. To result, or turn out, on measuring; as, the grain measures well; the pieces measure unequally. [ 1913 Webster] 3. To be of a certain size or quantity, or to have a certain length, breadth, or thickness, or a certain capacity according to a standard measure; as, cloth measures three fourths of a yard; a tree measures three feet in diameter. [ 1913 Webster] 864 Moby Thesaurus words for " measure": A, Alexandrine, Spenserian stanza, Stabreim, a, accent, accent mark, accentuation, accommodate, accommodation, accomplished fact, accomplishment, accord, achievement, acreage, act, acta, action, ad hoc measure, adapt, add, additionally, adjust, adjust to, adventure, air, algebraize, alliterative meter, allocate, allot, allotment, allowance, amount, amphibrach, amphimacer, amplitude, anacrusis, analogize, anapest, angstrom unit, answer, antispast, antistrophe, apportion, apportionment, appraisal, appraise, appraisement, appreciate, approach, approximation, area, aria, arsis, artifice, as a bonus, ascertain, assay, assess, assessment, assign, assimilate, assize, assizement, astronomical unit, attain, attune, avenue, bacchius, badge, balance, banner, bar, barometer, barrel, bass passage, batch, be equal to, be up to, beat, beauty, benchmark, besides, big end, bigger half, bigness, bill, bit, bite, block, blow, body, book, bound, bourdon, breadth, bridge, bring into analogy, bring into comparison, budget, bulk, bunch, burden, bushel, bylaw, ca, cadence, cadency, caesura, calculate, calculation, caliber, calibrate, caliper, call, call off, call over, call the roll, canon, canto, cantus, capacity, cast, catalexis, census, centare, centimeter, chain, character, characteristic, check, check a parameter, chloriamb, chloriambus, chorus, chunk, cipher, class, clutch, coda, colon, commission, compare, compare and contrast, compare with, compass, computation, compute, concinnity, confront, constraint, content, contingent, continuum, contrast, contrivance, control, coordinate, cord, cordage, correction, count, countermove, counterpoint, counterpose, coup, couplet, course, course of action, cover, coverage, cretic, criterion, cubic foot, cubic meter, cubit, cup, custos, cut, cut the mustard, cut to, dactyl, dactylic hexameter, deal, deal out, dealings, decaliter, decameter, decastere, deciliter, decimeter, decrease, decree, deed, degree, dekameter, delimit, delimitate, demarche, depth, descant, destiny, determination, determine, development, device, diaeresis, dial, diameter, diapason, dictate, dictation, differentia, dimension, dimensions, dimeter, dipody, direct, direction, dispense, disperse, distance, distich, distribute, divide, dividend, division, dkl, do, dochmiac, dodge, doing, doings, dole, dole out, dope out, dose, dot, draw a comparison, draw a parallel, drop, dry pint, earmark, edict, effort, elegiac, elegiac couplet, elegiac pentameter, ell, em, emphasis, emptiness, empty space, en, enactment, end, endeavor, enlarge, enterprise, enumerate, envoi, epitrite, epode, equal, equal share, equalize, equilibrium, estimate, estimation, euphony, evaluate, evaluation, expanse, expansion, expedient, exploit, exposition, expression mark, extension, extent, extract roots, extreme, fait accompli, fate, fathom, feat, feminine caesura, fermata, field, fifth, figure, figure in, figure out, figure up, find out, finger, fit, fix, folderol, foliate, foot, footstep, force, forearming, forehandedness, foresight, foresightedness, forethought, forethoughtfulness, form, form an estimate, formality, formula, formulary, fur, furlong, furthermore, gage, galactic space, gallon, gauge, gauger, gauging, gear to, gest, gill, gimmick, girth, give an appreciation, give out, go, go over, gob, grade, graduate, graduated scale, greatness, group, guess, ha, half, hallmark, halver, hand, hand out, handiwork, harmonic close, harmonize, harmony, heap, hectare, height, helping, heptameter, heptapody, heptastich, heroic couplet, hexameter, hexapody, hexastich, hogshead, hold, homologate, homologize, hunk, iamb, iambic, iambic pentameter, ictus, idiosyncrasy, image, improvisation, in addition, inch, increase, index, indicant, indicator, infinite space, infinity, insignia, institution, instrument, instrumentation, insurance, interest, interlude, intermezzo, interstellar space, interval, into the bargain, introductory phrase, ionic, issue, jeroboam, jigger, jingle, job, judge, jury- rig, jury- rigged expedient, jus, key signature, key to, keynote, kiloliter, kilometer, large amount, largeness, last expedient, last resort, last shift, law, lay, lay off, lead, league, leap, legislation, length, lengthiness, level, lex, ligature, light- year, liken, liken to, lilt, limit, limitation, line, linear measures, link, litmus test, long time, longitude, longness, lot, magnitude, magnum, make an estimation, make plumb, make the grade, make uniform, makeshift, maneuver, mark, mark off, mark out, masculine caesura, mass, match, matter, means, measure against, measure out, measure up to, measuredness, measurement, measurer, measures, measuring, meed, meet, melodia, melodic line, melody, mensurate, mensuration, mess, metaphorize, mete, mete out, meter, method, metric system, metrical accent, metrical foot, metrical group, metrical pattern, metrical unit, metrics, metron, metronomic mark, micron, mil, mile, mileage, milliliter, minim, model, moderateness, moderation, modicum, moiety, molossus, monostich, mora, moreover, motif, motion, move, movement, multiply, musical phrase, musical sentence, myriameter, nail, norm, notation, notch, note, nothingness, nuance, number, numbers, numerate, octastich, octave, octet, operation, oppose, order, orderedness, ordinance, ordonnance, ornament, ottava rima, outer space, overall length, overpass, overt act, pace, pace off, pack, paeon, page, paginate, palm, parallel, parameter, parcel, parcel out, parsec, part, pas, pass out, pass over, pass through, passage, patrol, pattern, pause, peck, peculiarity, peg, pentameter, pentapody, pentastich, perambulate, percentage, perch, peregrinate, pererrate, performance, period, perpetuity, phrase, pica, picture, piece, pint, pis aller, pitch, place against, plan, plane, plateau, plumb, ply, point, pole, poll, pony, portion, poundage, precaution, precautions, precautiousness, presa, prescript, prescription, preventive measure, prize, probe, procedure, proceeding, proceleusmatic, process, production, project, property, proportion, proportions, proposal, proposition, prosodic pattern, prosody, protection, providence, provision, put in tune, pyrrhic, quantification, quantify, quantitative meter, quantity, quantization, quantize, quantum, quart, quatrain, quota, radius, rake- off, range, range over, rank, rate, rating, ratio, ration, reach, reading, readout, reckon, reconcile, reconnoiter, rectify, reduce, refrain, regulate, regulation, relate, remove, representation, representative, res gestae, resolution, resort, resource, response, restraint, rhyme, rhyme royal, rhythm, rhythmic pattern, right, ritornello, rod, rood, room, round, rubric, rule, ruling, run a comparison, run over, rung, safeguard, scale, scanning, scansion, scope, score, scour, scour the country, scout, seal, section, segment, segno, septet, sestet, set, set in contrast, set in opposition, set off against, set over against, set right, sextet, shade, shadow, shake- up, share, share out, shift, sigil, sign, signal, signature, similarize, similize, size, size up, slice, slur, small amount, small share, solo, solo part, solution, song, soprano part, sort, sound, space, span, spatial extension, sphere, spondee, spread, spread about, sprung rhythm, square inch, stair, stake, stamp, standard, standing order, stanza, statement, statute, stave, step, steps, steps and measures, stint, stock, stopgap, stowage, strain, stratagem, strength, stress, stretch, stride, stroke, stroke of policy, strophe, stunt, substance, subtract, sum, superficial extension, sure sign, surface, survey, surveying, sweep, sweetness, swell, swing, syllabic meter, syllable, symbol, symmetry, symptom, sync, synchronize, system, syzygy, tablespoon, tactic, tactics, tailor, take a reading, take account of, tally, teaspoon, technique, telemetering, telemetry, tell, telltale sign, tempo mark, temporary expedient, tercet, terza rima, test, tetrameter, tetrapody, tetraseme, tetrastich, theme, thesis, thing, thing done, tie, time, time signature, to boot, tonnage, touchstone, tour de force, township, track, tract, trait, transaction, transit, travel over, travel through, traverse, tread, treble, triangulate, triangulation, tribrach, trick, trim to, trimeter, triplet, tripody, triseme, tristich, trochee, true, true up, trump, tune, turn, tutti, tutti passage, type, undertaking, valuate, valuation, value, variation, vers libre, verse, versification, view together, vinculum, void, volume, voyage, warble, wavelength, way, weigh, weigh against, weight, whole, width, work, work out, working hypothesis, working proposition, works, yard, yardage, yardstick To ascertain or appraise by comparing to a
{standard}; to apply a {metric}.
(1996-12-27)
Measure Several words are so rendered in the Authorized Version. ( 1.) Those which are indefinite. ( a) Hok, Isa. 5: 14, elsewhere " statute." ( b) Mad, Job 11: 9; Jer. 13: 25, elsewhere " garment." ( c) Middah, the word most frequently thus translated, Ex. 26: 2, 8, etc. ( d) Mesurah, Lev. 19: 35; 1 Chr. 23: 29. ( e) Mishpat, Jer. 30: 11, elsewhere " judgment." ( f) Mithkoneth and token, Ezek. 45: 11. ( g) In New Testament metron, the usual Greek word thus rendered ( Matt. 7: 2; 23: 32; Mark 4: 24). ( 2.) Those which are definite. ( a) ' Eyphah, Deut. 25: 14, 15, usually " ephah." ( b) Ammah, Jer. 51: 13, usually " cubit." ( c) Kor, 1 Kings 4: 22, elsewhere " cor;" Greek koros, Luke 16: 7. ( d) Seah, Gen. 18: 6; 1 Sam. 25: 18, a seah; Greek saton, Matt. 13: 33; Luke 13: 21. ( e) Shalish, " a great measure," Isa. 40: 12; literally a third, i. e., of an ephah. ( f) In New Testament batos, Luke 16: 6, the Hebrew " bath;" and choinix, Rev. 6: 6, the choenix, equal in dry commodities to one- eighth of a modius. MEASURE. That which is used as a rule to determine a quantity. A certain quantity of something, taken for a unit, and which expresses a relation with other quantities of the same thing. 2. The constitution of the United States gives power to congress to " fix the standard of weights and measures." Art. 1, B. 8. Hitherto this has remained as a dormant power, though frequently brought before the attention of congress. 3. The states, it seems, possess the power to legislate on this subject, or, at least, the existing standards at the adoption of the constitution remain in full force. 3 Sto. Const. 21; Rawle on the Const. 102. 4. By a resolution of congress, of the 14th of June, 1836, the secretary of the treasury is directed to cause a complete set of all weights and measures adopted as standards, and now either made or in the progress of manufacture, for the use of the several custom- houses and for other purposes, to be delivered to the governor of each state in the Union, or to such person as he may appoint, for the use of the states respectively, to the end that an uniform standard of weights and measures may be established throughout the United States. 5. Measures are either, 1. Of length. 2. Of surface. 3. Of solidity or capacity. 4. Of force or gravity, or what is commonly called weight. ( q. v.) 5. Of angles. 6. Of time. The measures now used in the United States, are the same as those of England, and are as follows 1. MEASURES OF LENGTH. 12 inches = 1 foot 3 feet = 1 yard 5 1/ 2 yards = 1 rod or pole 40 poles = 1 furlong 8 furlongs = 1 mile 69 1/ 15 miles = 1 degree of a great circle of the earth An inch is the smallest lineal measure to which a name is given, but subdivisions are used for many purposes. Among mechanics, the inch is commonly divided into eighths. By the officers of the revenue and by scientific persons, it is divided into tenths, hundredths, & c. Formerly it was made to consist of twelve parts called lines, but these have fallen into disuse. Particular measures of length. 1st. Used for measuring cloth of all kinds. 1 nail = 2 1/ 4 inches 1 quarter = 4 inches 1 yard = 4 quarters 1 ell = 5 quarters 2d. used for the height of horses. 1 hand = 4 inches 3d. Used in measuring depths. 1 fathom = 6 feet 4th. Used in land measure, to facilitate computation of the contents, 10 square chains being equal to an acre. 1 link = 7 92/ 100 inches 1 chain = 100 links 6.- 2. MEASURES OF SURFACE. 144 square inches = 1 square foot 9 square feet = 1 square yard 30 1/ 4 square yards = 1 perch or rod 40 perches = 1 rood 4 roods or 160 perches = 1 acre 640 acres = 1 square mile 7.- 3. MEASURES OF SOLIDITY AND CAPACITY. 1st. Measures of solidity. 1728 cubic inches = 1 cubic foot 27 cubic feet = 1 cubic yard. 2d. Measures of capacity for all liquids, and for all goods, not liquid, except such as are comprised in the next division. 4 gills = 1 pint = 34 2/ 3 cubic inches nearly. 2 pints = 1 quart = 691/ 2 " " 4 quarts = 1 gallon = 277 1/ 4 " " 2 gallons = 1 peck = 554 1/ 2 " " 8 gallons= 1 bushel = 2218 1/ 2 " " 8 bushels = 1 quarter = 10 1/ 4 cubic feet " 5 quarters = 1 load = 51 1/ 2 " " The last four denominations are used only for goods, not liquids. For liquids, several denominations have heretofore been adopted, namely, for beer, the firkin of 9 gallons, the kilderkin of 18, the barrel of 36, the hogshead of 54; and the butt of 108 gallons. For wine or spirits there are the anker, runlet, tierce, hogshead, puncheon, pipe, butt, and tun; these are, however, rather the names of the casks, in which the commodities are imported, than as express any definite number of gallons. It is the practice to gauge all such vessels, and to charge them according to their actual contents. 3d. Measures of capacity, for coal, lime, potatoes, fruit, and other commodities, sold by heaped measure. 2 gallons = 1 peck = 704 cubic in. nearly. 8 gallons = 1 bushel = 28151/ 2 " " 3 bushels = 1 sack = 41 cubic feet " 12 sacks= 1 chaldron = 58 2/ 3 " " 8.- 4. MEASURES OF WEIGHTS. See art. Weights. 9.- 5., ANGULAR MEASURE; or, DIVISION OF THE CIRCLE. 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 degree 30 degrees = 1 sign 90 degrees = 1 quadrant 360 degrees, or 12 signs = 1 circumference. Formerly the subdivisions were carried on by sities; thus, thesecond was divided into 60 thirds, the third into sixty fourths, & c. At present, the second is more generally divided decimally intotens, hundreds, & c. The degree is frequently so divided. or 10.- 6. MEASURE OF TIME. 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day 7 days = 1 week 28 days, or 4 weeks = 1 lunar month 28, 29, 30, or 31 days = 1 calendar month 12 calendar months = 1 year 365 days = 1 common year 366 day = 1 leap year. The second of time is subdivided like that of angular measure. FRENCH MEASURES. 11. As the French system of weights and measures is the most scientific plan known, and as the commercial connexions of the United States with France are daily increasing, it has been thought proper here to give a short account of that system. 12. The fundamental, invariable, and standard measure, by which all weights and measures are formed, is called the metre, a word derived from the Greek, which signifies measure. It is a lineal measure, and is equal to 3 feet, 0 inches, 44/ 1000, Paris measure, or 3 feet, 3 inches, 370/ 1000 English. This unit is divided into ten parts; each tenth, into ten hundredths; each hundredth, into ten thousandths, & c. These divisions, as well as those of all other measures, are infinite. As the standard is to be invariable, something has been sought, from which to make it, which is not variable or subject to any change. The fundamental base of the metre is the quarter of the terrestrial meridian, or the distance from the pole to the equator, which has been divided into ten millions of equal parts, one of which is the length of the metre. All the other measures are formed from the metre, as follows: 2. MEASURE OF CAPACITY. 13. The litre. This is the decimetre; or one- tenth part of the cubic metre; that is, if a vase is made of a cubic form, of a decimetre every way, it would be of the capacity of a litre. This is divided by tenths, as the metre. The measures which amount. to more than a single, litre, are counted by tens hundreds, thousands, & c., of litres. 3. MEASURES OF WEIGHTS. 14. The gramme. This is the weight of a cubic centimetre of distilled water, at the temperature of zero; that is, if a vase be made of a cubic form, of a hundredth part of a metre every way, and it be filled with distilled water, the weight of that water will be that of the gramme. 4. MEASURES OF SURFACES. 15. The arc, used in surveying. This is a square, the sides of which are of the length of ten metres, or what is equal to one hundred square metres. Its divisions are the same as in the preceding measures. 5. MEASURES OF SOLIDITY. 16. The stere, used in measuring firewood. It is a cubic metre. Its subdivisions are similar to the preceding. The term is used only for measuring firewood. For the measure of other things, the term cube metre, or cubic metre is used, or the tenth, hundredth, & c., of such a cube. 6. MONEY. 17. The franc. It weighs five grammes. it is made of nine- tenths of silver, and one- tenth of copper. Its tenth part is called a decime, and its hundredth part a centime. 18. One measure being thus made the standard of all the rest, they must be all equally invariable; but, in order to make this certainty perfectly sure, the following precautions have been adopted. As the temperature was found to have an influence on bodies, the term zero, or melting ice, has been selected in making the models or standard of the metre. Distilled water has been chosen to make the standard of the gramme, as being purer, and less encumbered with foreign matter than common water. The temperature having also an influence on a determinate volume of water, that with which the experiments were made, was of the temperature of zero, or melting ice. The air, more or less charged with humidity, causes the weight of bodies to vary, the models which represent the weight of the gramme, have, therefore, been taken in a vacuum. 19. It has already been stated, that the divisions of these measures are all uniform, namely by tens, or decimal fractions, they may therefore be written as such. Instead of writing, 1 metre and 1 tenth of a metre, we may write, 1 m. 1. 2 metre and 8 tenths, 2 m. 8. 10 metre and 4 hundredths, 10 m. 04. 7 litres, 1 tenth, and 2 hundredths, 7 lit. 12, & c. 20. Names have been given to, each of these divisions of the principal unit but these names always indicate the value of the fraction, and the unit from which it is derived. To the name of the unit have been prefixed the particles deci, for tenth, centi, for hundredth, and milli, for thousandth. They are thus expressed, a decimetre, a decilitre, a decigramme, a decistere, a deciare, a centimetre, a centilitre, a centigramme, & c. The facility with which the divisions of the unit are reduced to the same expression, is very apparent; this cannot be done with any other kind of measures. 21. As it may sometimes be necessary to express great quantities of units, collections have been made of them in tens, hundreds, thousands, tens of thousands, & c., to which names, derived from the Greek, have been given; namely, deca, for tens hecto, for hundreds; kilo, for thousands and myria, for tens of thousands; they are thus expressed; a decametre, a decalitre, & c.; a hectometre, a hectogramme, & c.; a kilometre, a kilogramme, & c. 22. The following table will facilitate the reduction of these weights and measures into our own. The Metre, is 3. 28 feet, or 39. 871 in. Are, is 1076. 441 square feet. Litre, is 61. 028 cubic inch Stere, is 35. 317 cubic feet. Gramme, is 15. 4441 grains troy, or 5. 6481 drams, averdupois. |
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