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pardon 音標拼音: [p'ɑrdən] n.
v. 寬恕,原諒;赦罪,赦免,大赦,特赦 寬恕,原諒;赦罪,赦免,大赦,特赦 pardon n 1: the act of excusing a mistake or offense [ synonym: { forgiveness}, { pardon}] 2: a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense [ synonym: { pardon}, { amnesty}] 3: the formal act of liberating someone [ synonym: { amnesty}, { pardon}, { free pardon}] v 1: accept an excuse for; " Please excuse my dirty hands" [ synonym: { excuse}, { pardon}] 2: grant a pardon to; " Ford pardoned Nixon"; " The Thanksgiving turkey was pardoned by the President" Pardon \ Par" don\ ( p[ aum] r" d' n), n. [ F., fr. pardonner to pardon. See { Pardon}, v. t.] 1. The act of pardoning; forgiveness, as of an offender, or of an offense; release from penalty; remission of punishment; absolution. [ 1913 Webster] Pardon, my lord, for me and for my tidings. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] But infinite in pardon was my judge. -- Milton. [ 1913 Webster] Usage: Used in expressing courteous denial or contradiction; as, I beg your pardon; or in indicating that one has not understood another; as, I beg pardon; or pardon me?. [ 1913 Webster PJC] 2. An official warrant of remission of penalty. [ 1913 Webster] Sign me a present pardon for my brother. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 3. The state of being forgiven. -- South. [ 1913 Webster] 4. ( Law) A release, by a sovereign, or officer having jurisdiction, from the penalties of an offense, being distinguished from { amnesty}, which is a general obliteration and canceling of a particular line of past offenses. [ 1913 Webster] Syn: Forgiveness; remission. See { Forgiveness}. [ 1913 Webster]
Pardon \ Par" don\, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. { Pardoned} ( p[ aum] r" d' nd); p. pr. & vb. n. { Pardoning}.] [ Either fr. pardon, n., or from F. pardonner, LL. perdonare; L. per through, thoroughly, perfectly donare to give, to present. See { Par-}, and { Donation}.] 1. To absolve from the consequences of a fault or the punishment of crime; to free from penalty; -- applied to the offender. [ 1913 Webster] In this thing the Lord pardon thy servant. -- 2 Kings v. 18. [ 1913 Webster] I pray you, pardon me; pray heartily, pardon me. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 2. To remit the penalty of; to suffer to pass without punishment; to forgive; -- applied to offenses. [ 1913 Webster] I pray thee, pardon my sin. -- 1 Sam. xv. 25. [ 1913 Webster] Apollo, pardon My great profaneness ' gainst thine oracle! -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 3. To refrain from exacting as a penalty. [ 1913 Webster] I pardon thee thy life before thou ask it. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 4. To give leave ( of departure) to. [ Obs.] [ 1913 Webster] Even now about it! I will pardon you. -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] { Pardon me}, forgive me; excuse me; -- a phrase used also to express courteous denial or contradiction, or to request forgiveness for a mild transgression, such as bumping a person while passing. [ 1913 Webster PJC] Syn: To forgive; absolve; excuse; overlook; remit; acquit. See { Excuse}. [ 1913 Webster] 110 Moby Thesaurus words for " pardon": absolution, absolve, accept, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, allow, allowance, amnesty, benevolence, clear, clearance, clearing, clemency, commiseration, compassion, compurgation, condolence, condonation, condone, decontaminate, destigmatization, destigmatize, destigmatizing, discharge, disculpation, dismiss, dismissal, dispense from, exculpate, exculpation, excusal, excuse, exempt, exempt from, exemption, exonerate, exoneration, favor, feeling, forbear, forbearance, forgive, forgiveness, forgiving, free, give absolution, give quarter, grace, grant amnesty to, grant forgiveness, grant immunity, grant remission, have mercy upon, have pity, humanity, immunity, indemnification, indemnity, indulge, indulgence, justification, justify, kindness, leniency, let go, let off, let up on, liberate, melt, mercy, mitigation, nonpros, overlook, overlooking, pathos, pity, purgation, purge, purging, quarter, quash the charge, quietus, quittance, redemption, relax, release, relent, relief, remission, remission of sin, remit, reprieve, ruth, self- pity, set free, shrift, shrive, small- town, spare, sparing, sympathy, take pity on, thaw, tolerate, verdict of acquittal, vindicate, vindication, whitewash, withdraw the chargePardon the forgiveness of sins granted freely ( Isa. 43: 25), readily ( Neh. 9: 17; Ps. 86: 5), abundantly ( Isa. 55: 7; Rom. 5: 20). Pardon is an act of a sovereign, in pure sovereignty, granting simply a remission of the penalty due to sin, but securing neither honour nor reward to the pardoned. Justification ( q. v.), on the other hand, is the act of a judge, and not of a sovereign, and includes pardon and, at the same time, a title to all the rewards and blessings promised in the covenant of life. PARDON, crim. law, pleading. A pardon is an act of grace, proceeding from the power entrusted with the execution of the laws, which exempts the individual on whom it is bestowed, from the punishment the law inflicts for a crime he has committed. 7 Pet. S. C. Rep. 160. 2. Every pardon granted to the guilty is in derogation of the law; if the pardon be equitable, the law is, bad; for where legislation and the administration of the law are perfect, pardons must be a violation of the law, But as human actions are necessarily imperfect, the pardoning power must be vested somewhere in order to prevent injustice, when it is ascertained that an error has been committed. 3. The subject will be considered with regard, 1. To the kinds of pardons. 2. By whom they are to be granted. 3. For what offences. 4. How to be taken advantage of 5. Their effect. 4.- Sec. 1, Pardons are general or special. 1. The former are express, when an act of the legislature is passed expressly directing that offences of a certain class; shall be pardoned, as in the case of an act of amnesty. See Amnesty. A general pardon is implied by the repeal of a penal statute, because, unless otherwise provided by law, an offence against such statute while it was in force cannot be punished, and the offender goes free. 2 Overt. 423. 2. Special pardons are those which are granted by the pardoning power for particular cases. 5. Pardons are also divided into absolute and conditional. The former are those which free the criminal without any condition whatever; the. fatter are those to which a condition is annexed, which must be performed before the pardon can have any effect. Bac. Ab. Pardon, E; 2 Caines, R. 57; 1 Bailey, 283; 2 Bailey 516. But see 4 Call, R. 85. 6.- Sec. 2. The constitution of the United States gives to the, president in general terms, " the power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States." The same power is given generally to the governors of the several states to grant pardons for crimes committed against their respective states, but in some of them the consent of the legislature or one of its branches is required. 7.- Sec. 3. Except in the case of impeachment, for which a pardon cannot be granted, the pardoning power may grant a pardon of all offences against the government, and for any sentence or judgment. But such a pardon does not operate to discharge the interest which third persons may have acquired in the judgment; as, where a penalty was incurred in violation of the embargo laws, and the custom house officers became entitled to one- half of the penalty, the pardon did not discharge that. 4 Wash. C. C. R. 64. See 2 Bay, 565; 2 Whart. 440; 7 J. J. Marsh. 131. 8.- Sec. 4. When the pardon is general, either by an act of amnesty, or by the repeal of a penal law, it is not necessary to plead it, because the court is bound, ex officio, to take notice of it. And the criminal cannot even waive such pardon, because by his admittance, no one can give the court power to punish him, when it judicially appears there is no law to do it. But when the pardon is special, to avail the criminal it must judicially appear that it has been accepted, and for this reason it must be specially pleaded. 7 Pet. R. 150, 162. 9.- Sec. 5. The effect of a pardon is to protect from punishment the criminal for the offence pardoned, but for no other. 1 Porter, 475. It seems that the pardon of an assault and battery, which afterwards becomes murder by the death of the person beaten, would not operate as a pardon of the murder. 12 Pick. 496. In general, the effect of a full pardon is to restore the convict to all his rights. But to this there are some exceptions: 1st. When the criminal has been guilty of perjury, a pardon will not qualify him to be a witness at any time afterwards. 2d. When one was convicted of an offence by which he became civilly dead, a pardon did not affect or annul the second marriage of his wife, nor the sale of his property by persons appointed to administer on his estate, nor divest his heirs of the interest acquired in his estate in consequence of his civil death. 10 Johns. R. 232, 483. 10.- Sec. 6. All contracts, made for the buying or procuring a pardon for a convict, are void. And such contracts will be declared null by a court of equity, on the ground that they are opposed to public policy. 4 Bouv. Inst. n. 3857. Vide, generally, Bac. Ab. h. t.; Com. Dig. h. t.; Nels. Ab. h. t.; Vin. Ab. h. t.; 13 Petersd. Ab. h. t.; Dane' s Ab. h. t.; 3 lust. 233 to 240; Hawk. b. 2, c. 37; 1 Chit. Cr. L. 762 to 778; 2 Russ. on Cr. 595 Arch. Cr. Pl. 92; Stark. Cr. Pl. 368, 380.
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