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ponder 音標拼音: [p'ɑndɚ] v. 沉思,默想,細想;衡量,估量 沈思,默想,細想;衡量,估量 ponder v 1: reflect deeply on a subject; " I mulled over the events of the afternoon"; " philosophers have speculated on the question of God for thousands of years"; " The scientist must stop to observe and start to excogitate" [ synonym: { chew over}, { think over}, { meditate}, { ponder}, { excogitate}, { contemplate}, { muse}, { reflect}, { mull}, { mull over}, { ruminate}, { speculate}] Ponder \ Pon" der\, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. { Pondered}; p. pr. & vb. n. { Pondering}.] [ L. ponderare, fr. pondus, ponderis, a weight, fr. pendere to weigh: cf. F. pond[' e] rer. See { Pendant}, and cf. { Pound} a weight.] [ 1913 Webster] 1. To weigh. [ Obs.] [ 1913 Webster] 2. To weigh in the mind; to view with deliberation; to examine carefully; to consider attentively. [ 1913 Webster] Ponder the path of thy feet. -- Prov. iv. 26. [ 1913 Webster] Syn: To { Ponder}, { Consider}, { Muse}. Usage: To consider means to view or contemplate with fixed thought. To ponder is to dwell upon with long and anxious attention, with a view to some practical result or decision. To muse is simply to think upon continuously with no definite object, or for the pleasure it gives. We consider any subject which is fairly brought before us; we ponder a concern involving great interests; we muse on the events of childhood. [ 1913 Webster]
Ponder \ Pon" der\, v. i. To think; to deliberate; to muse; -- usually followed by on or over. -- Longfellow. [ 1913 Webster] 71 Moby Thesaurus words for " ponder": appraise, back down, balance, be abstracted, brood, brood over, chaw, chew over, chew the cud, cogitate, con over, consider, contemplate, debate, deliberate, deliberate over, deliberate upon, demur, digest, dwell, evaluate, excogitate, falter, fear, hang back, hem and haw, hesitate, hover, hum and haw, introspect, jib, meditate, meditate upon, mind, mull over, muse, muse on, muse over, pause, perpend, play around with, play with, ponder over, pull back, reason, reflect, reflect over, retreat, revolve, roll, ruminate, ruminate over, run over, scruple, shilly- shally, shy, speculate, stick at, stickle, stop to consider, straddle the fence, strain at, study, think, think over, think twice about, toy with, turn over, weigh, withdraw, yieldA { non- strict} { polymorphic}, { functional language} by Jon
Fairbairn .
Ponder's type system is unusual. It is more powerful than the
{Hindley-Milner type} system used by {ML} and {Miranda} and
extended by {Haskell}. Ponder adds extra recursive 'mu' types
to those of Girard's {System F}, allowing more general
{recursion}. Surprisingly, the type system and {type
inference} {algorithm} are still not completely understood.
["Ponder and its Type System", J. Fairbairn, TR 31, Cambridge
U Computer Lab, Nov 1982].
[J. Fairbairn, "Design and Implementation of a Simple Typed
Language based on the Lambda-Calculus", Technical Report
No. 75, Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, May
1985].
[J. Fairbairn, "A New Type-Checker for a Functional Language",
Technical Report No. 53, Computer Laboratory, University of
Cambridge, 1984].
[J. Fairbairn, "Some Types with Inclusion Properties in
\forall, \rightarrow, \mu", Technical Report No. 171, Computer
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Jun 1989].
[Valeria C. V. de Paiva, "Subtyping in Ponder (Preliminary
Report)", Technical Report No. 203, Computer Laboratory,
University of Cambridge, Aug 1990].
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