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pronunciation 音標拼音: [pron ,ʌnsi'eʃən] [prən ,ʌnsi'eʃən] n. 發音,讀法 發音,讀法 pronunciation n 1: the manner in which someone utters a word; " they are always correcting my pronunciation" 2: the way a word or a language is customarily spoken; " the pronunciation of Chinese is difficult for foreigners"; " that is the correct pronunciation" [ synonym: { pronunciation}, { orthoepy}] Pronunciation \ Pro* nun` ci* a" tion\ (?; 277), n. [ F. pronunciation, L. pronunciatio. See { Pronounce}.] [ 1913 Webster] 1. The act of uttering with articulation; the act of giving the proper sound and accent; utterance; as, the pronunciation of syllables of words; distinct or indistinct pronunciation. [ 1913 Webster] 2. The mode of uttering words or sentences. [ 1913 Webster] 3. ( Rhet.) The art of manner of uttering a discourse publicly with propriety and gracefulness; -- now called { delivery}. -- J. Q. Adams. [ 1913 Webster] In this dictionary slashes (/../) bracket phonetic
pronunciations of words not found in a standard English
dictionary. The notation, and many of the pronunciations,
were adapted from the Hacker' s { Jargon File}.
Syllables are separated by { dash} or followed { single quote}
or { back quote}. Single quote means the preceding syllable is
stressed ( louder), back quote follows a syllable with
intermediate stress ( slightly louder), otherwise all syllables
are equally stressed.
Consonants are pronounced as in English but note:
ch soft, as in " church"
g hard, as in " got"
gh aspirated gh of " bughouse" or " ragheap"
j voiced, as in " judge"
kh guttural of " loch" or " l' chaim"
s unvoiced, as in " pass"
zh as " s" in " pleasure"
Uppercase letters are pronounced as their English letter
names; thus ( for example) / H- L- L/ is equivalent to / aych el
el/. / Z/ is pronounced / zee/ in the US and / zed/ in the UK
( elsewhere?).
Vowels are represented as follows:
a back, that
ah father, palm ( see note)
ar far, mark
aw flaw, caught
ay bake, rain
e less, men
ee easy, ski
eir their, software
i trip, hit
i: life, sky
o block, stock ( see note)
oh flow, sew
oo loot, through
or more, door
ow out, how
oy boy, coin
uh but, some
u put, foot
* r fur, insert ( only in stressed
syllables; otherwise use just " r")
y yet, young
yoo few, chew
[ y] oo / oo/ with optional fronting as
in ` news' (/ nooz/ or / nyooz/)
A /*/ is used for the ` schwa' sound of unstressed or occluded
vowels ( often written with an upside- down ` e'). The schwa
vowel is omitted in unstressed syllables containing vocalic l,
m, n or r; that is, " kitten" and " colour" would be rendered
/ kit' n/ and / kuhl' r/, not / kit'* n/ and / kuhl'* r/.
The above table reflects mainly distinctions found in standard
American English ( that is, the neutral dialect spoken by TV
network announcers and typical of educated speech in the Upper
Midwest, Chicago, Minneapolis/ St. Paul and Philadelphia).
However, we separate / o/ from / ah/, which tend to merge in
standard American. This may help readers accustomed to
accents resembling British Received Pronunciation.
Entries with a pronunciation of `//' are written- only.
( 1997- 12- 10)
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