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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Star chamber \Star" cham`ber\, Star-chamber
\Star"-cham`ber\(st[aum]r"ch[=a]m`b[~e]r), n. [So called (as
conjectured by Blackstone) from being held in a room at the
Exchequer where the chests containing certain Jewish
contracts and obligations called starrs (from the Heb.
shetar, pron. shtar) were kept; or from the stars with which
the ceiling is supposed to have been decorated.]
1. (Eng. Hist.) An ancient high court exercising jurisdiction
in certain cases, mainly criminal, which sat without the
intervention of a jury. It consisted of the king's
council, or of the privy council only with the addition of
certain judges. It could proceed on mere rumor or examine
witnesses; it could apply torture. It was abolished by the
Long Parliament in 1641. --Encyc. Brit.
[1913 Webster]

2. Hence: (Metaphorical) Any court, committee, or other
tribunal which exercises arbitrary and unaccountable
power, or uses unfair or illegal methods, in investigation
or judgment of persons.
[PJC]

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