Arroyos - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics IV D Arroyos Arroyos, stream channels formed by periodic water flow, characterize most world deserts, especially in the United States, Africa, and the Middle East (where they are termed wadis), Australia, and parts of South America Arroyo vegetation is different from that of adjacent desert surfaces in species composition and stature Many of these species are phreatophytes, drought avoiders
The efficiency-equity trade-off, self-interest, and moral principles in . . . To ensure that resource allocations maximise social welfare, policies should ideally reflect the trade-offs that individuals would make between self-interest, efficiency and other distributional concerns However, we do not yet have an adequate account of these trade-offs in applied contexts This paper presents evidence that begins to address this issue: we elicit preferences in the context
Social norms: Enforcement, breakdown polarization Arroyos-Calvera et al (2024) contribute to this discussion by showing that some individuals hold stronger beliefs about the social appropriateness of contributing to public goods than others, which in turn affects their enforcement of norms
Riparian vegetation of ephemeral streams - ScienceDirect We selected seven ephemeral streams (colloquially, washes or arroyos) in central and southern Arizona, spanning three aridity zones (Table 1; Appendix 1, electronic version only)