The genetic code (article) | Khan Academy One amino acid, many codons As previously mentioned, the genetic code consists of 64 unique codons But if there are only 20 amino acids, what are the other 44 codons doing? As we saw, a few are stop codons, but most are not Instead, the genetic code turns out to be a degenerate code, meaning that some amino acids are specified by more than
Stages of translation (article) | Khan Academy Codons to amino acids In translation, the codons of an mRNA are read in order (from the 5' end to the 3' end) by molecules called transfer RNAs, or tRNAs Each tRNA has an anticodon, a set of three nucleotides that binds to a matching mRNA codon through base pairing The other end of the tRNA carries the amino acid that's specified by the codon
Overview of translation (article) | Khan Academy These groups of three are called codons There are 61 codons for amino acids, and each of them is "read" to specify a certain amino acid out of the 20 commonly found in proteins One codon, AUG, specifies the amino acid methionine and also acts as a start codon to signal the start of protein construction
mRNA code and translation (article) | Khan Academy Understanding the genetic code and the mechanisms of translation is essential for mastering topics in molecular biology This includes the roles of codons and anticodons in dictating protein synthesis, the importance of degenerate coding in maintaining genetic fidelity, and the key steps in translation initiation and termination
Translation (mRNA to protein) (video) | Khan Academy Translation is the process whereby mRNA is converted into proteins by ribosomes Translation occurs in ribosomes, which are cellular structures made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Here, mRNA is converted into amino acid sequences, forming polypeptides Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids and matches them with mRNA codons, allowing ribosomes to synthesize proteins