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- Collective Adaptation in Multi-Agent Systems: How Predator Confusion . . .
In this paper, we explore how emergent behaviors arise from a predator-driven process as an adaptive response to external stimuli perceived as threatening Moreover, we suggest a predator confusion process to provide a selective pressure for the prey to evolve group formations
- Prey swarming: which predators become confused and why?
To investigate whether predator confusion is a widespread phenomenon and which predator or prey traits facilitate or impede it, we combined the results of our experiment with those of previous studies, for which we searched the databases BIOSIS and ISI Web of Science
- Raptors avoid the confusion effect by targeting fixed points . . . - Nature
Collective behaviours are widely assumed to confuse predators, but empirical support for a confusion effect is often lacking, and its importance must depend on the predator’s targeting
- The Confusion Effect in Predatory Neural Networks
A simple artificial neural network model of image reconstruction in sensory maps is presented to explain the difficulty predators experience in targeting prey in large groups (the confusion effect)
- Predator Confusion Hypothesis | Springer Nature Link
Several non-mutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed in explanation for the adaptiveness of alarm-calling behavior, including the predator confusion hypothesis (Wheeler 2008)
- Predator Eavesdropping in a Mixed-Species Environment: How . . . - Frontiers
We next review the evidence that prey grouping and collective responses when attacked can confuse predators, leading to lower capture rates Evidence for this confusion effect mostly involves visually orienting predators
- Predator confusion is sufficient to evolve swarming behavior
Using an evolutionary model of a predator-prey system, we show that predator confusion provides a sufficient selection pressure to evolve swarming behaviour in prey
- Raptors avoid the confusion effect by targeting fixed points in dense . . .
Collective behaviours are widely assumed to confuse predators, but empirical support for a confusion effect is often lacking, and its importance must depend on the predator’s targeting mechanism
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