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- Chemistry | Definition, Topics, Types, History, Facts | Britannica
Chemistry is the science of the properties, composition, and structure of substances (defined as elements and compounds), the transformations they undergo, and the energy that is released or absorbed during these processes Chemistry is concerned with the properties of atoms and the laws governing their combinations
- Chemical Definition Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
plural chemicals Britannica Dictionary definition of CHEMICAL [count] : a substance (such as an element or compound) that is made by a chemical process
- Chemical synthesis | Organic Inorganic Reactions | Britannica
Chemical synthesis, the construction of complex chemical compounds from simpler ones It is the process by which many substances important to daily life are obtained It is applied to all types of chemical compounds, but most syntheses are of organic molecules Chemists synthesize chemical
- Chemical engineering | Processes, Principles Applications | Britannica
chemical engineering, the development of processes and the design and operation of plants in which materials undergo changes in their physical or chemical state Applied throughout the process industries, it is founded on the principles of chemistry, physics, and mathematics The laws of physical chemistry and physics govern the practicability and efficiency of chemical engineering operations
- Chemical Products Portal | Britannica
Chemical Products Although nature provides us with a staggering amount of natural resources, humankind has also made use of a great variety of man-made compounds and substances The chemical industry converts raw materials such as fossil fuels, water, salt, limestone, and sulfur into primary, secondary, and tertiary products
- Chemical bonding | Definition, Types, Examples | Britannica
Chemical bonding, any of the interactions that account for the association of atoms into molecules, ions, crystals, and other species When atoms approach one another, their electrons interact and tend to distribute themselves in space so that the total energy is lower than it would be in any alternative arrangement
- Chemical industry | Overview, Importance, History | Britannica
Chemical industry, complex of processes, operations, and organizations engaged in the manufacture of chemicals and their derivatives Raw materials include fossil fuels and inorganic chemicals An average chemical product is passed from factory to factory several times before it emerges into the market
- Fluorine | Uses, Properties, Facts | Britannica
Fluorine, the most reactive chemical element and the lightest member of the halogen elements Its chemical activity can be attributed to its extreme ability to attract electrons (it is the most electronegative element) and to the small size of its atoms
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