Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) - Symptoms and causes Oppositional and defiant behaviors are frequent and ongoing They cause severe problems with relationships, social activities, school and work, for both the child and the family
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) - Mayo Clinic Treatment for oppositional defiant disorder primarily involves family-based interventions But treatment may include other types of talk therapy and training for your child — as well as for parents
Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) - Mayo Clinic But oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) includes a frequent and ongoing pattern of anger, irritability, arguing and defiance toward parents and other authority figures
Trastorno negativista desafiante - Mayo Clinic Kaur M, et al Oppositional defiant disorder: Evidence-based review of behavioral treatment programs Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 2022; doi:10 12788 acp 0056
اضطراب التحدي المعارض (ODD) - Mayo Clinic الأسباب لا يوجد سبب واضح معروف لاضطراب التحدي المعارض لكن قد تشمل الأسباب مزيجًا من العوامل الوراثية والعوامل البيئية: الأسباب الوراثية قد تسهم شخصية الطفل الطبيعية أو سِماته - التي تُسمى أيضًا بالمِزاج- في الإصابة
对立违抗性障碍（ODD） - 诊断与治疗 - 妙佑医疗国际 Kaur M, et al Oppositional defiant disorder: Evidence-based review of behavioral treatment programs Annals of Clinical Psychiatry 2022; doi:10 12788 acp 0056 Medical review (expert opinion) Mayo Clinic Nov 25, 2022