安裝中文字典英文字典辭典工具!
安裝中文字典英文字典辭典工具!
|
- Punkah - Wikipedia
A punkah, also pankha (Urdu: پَنکھا, Hindi: पंखा, paṅkhā), is a type of fan used since the early 6th century BC The word pankha originated from pankh, the wings of a bird which produce a current of air when flapped
- Punkah: The Hand Operated Ceiling Fans of Colonial India
Those who could afford had punkahs, or ceiling fans, that were swung with the help of a long string to produce a cooling draft A punkah was usually rectangular in shape and was made from cane, or a flat wooden frame covered with cloth
- How Colonial India Stayed Cool: The Exploitation of Punkah-Wallahs by . . .
A traditional punkah consisted of a suspended wooden beam with fabric hanging from it, which would be moved manually to circulate cool air These were widely used in colonial India in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries
- The Sensu Punkah: A Ceiling Fan That Flaps Instead of Rotating
In South Asia, a similar fan existed for centuries and was called a punkah Made from plant fibers or fabric, it was essentially a plane of material hung vertically from the ceiling, and powered by a person tugging on a string
- How Ceiling Fans Allowed Slaves to Eavesdrop on Plantation Owners
Dr Byrd’s website, The Punkah Project, describes about 40 examples of the fans that have been mentioned in documents or surfaced at institutions, homes, auction houses, hotels, and events
- The punkah and its pullers: A short history | Servants Pasts
The continuous use of the punkah and punkah coolies became particularly significant in army barracks of European soldiers since the 1840s, when their health became a pressing problem for the colonial government
- Colonial India Exploitation: The Forgotten Lives of Punkah-Wallahs
A colonial anglicisation of the Hindustani term pankha (derived from the Sanskrit paksha, meaning ‘wing’), ‘punkah’ in the late 18th century referred to hand-operated fans
- The Punkah-wallah: the human engine behind colonial comfort
During the British colonial era in India, and long before the hum of air conditioning, coping with the subcontinent’s intense heat required ingenuity and labor The term Punkah-Wallah emerged to describe those employed to manually operate large, ceiling-suspended cloth fans
|
|
|