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Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Edition (1856)

DEFAMATION, tort. The speaking slanderous words of a person so as, de bona
fama aliquid detrahere, to hurt his good fame. Vide Slander.
2. In the United States, the remedy for defamation is by an action on
the case, where the words are slanderous.
3. In England, besides the remedy by action, proceedings may be
instituted in the ecclesiastical court for redress of the injury. The
punishment for defamation, in this court, is payment of costs and penance
enjoined at the discretion of the judge. When the slander has been privately
uttered, the penance may be ordered to be performed in a private place; when
publicly uttered, the sentence must be public, as in the church of the
parish of the defamed party, in time of divine service,, and the defamer may
be required publicly to pronounce that by such words, naming them, as set
forth in the sentence, he had defamed the plaintiff, and, therefore, that he
begs pardon, first, of God, and then of the party defamed, for uttering such
words. Clerk's Assist. 225; 3 Burn's Eccl. Law, Defamation, pl. 14; 2 Chit.
Pr. 471 Cooke on Def.

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