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Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Edition (1856)

NEWSPAPERS. Papers for conveying news, printed and distributed periodically.
2. To encourage their circulation the act of congress of March 3, 1825,
3 Story's L. U. S. 1994, enacts, Sec. 29. That every printer of newspapers
may rend one paper to each and every other printer of newspapers within the
United States, free of postage, under such regulations as the postmaster
general shall provide.
3.-Sec. 30. That all newspapers conveyed in the mail shall be under
cover, open at one end, and charged with the postage of one cent each, for
any distance not more than one hundred miles, and one and a half cents for
any greater distance: Provided That the postage of a single newspaper, from
any one place to another, in the same state, shall not exceed one cent, and
the postmaster general shall require those who receive newspapers by post,
to pay always the amount of one quarter's postage in advance; and should the
publisher of any newspaper, after being three mouths previously notified
that his paper is not taken out of the office, to which it is sent for
delivery, continue to forward such paper in the mail, the postmaster to
whose office such paper is sent, may dispose of the same for the postage,
unless the publisher shall pay it. If any person employed in any department
of the post office, shall improperly detain, delay, embezzle, or destroy any
newspaper, or shall permit any other person to do the like, or shall open or
permit any other to open, any mail, or packet of newspapers, not directed to
the office where he is employed, such offender shall, on conviction thereof,
forfeit a sum, not exceeding fifty dollars, for every such offence. And if
any other person shall open any mail or packet of newspapers, or shall
embezzle or destroy the same, not being directed to such person, or not
being authorized to receive or open the same, such offender shall, on the
conviction thereof, pay a sum not exceeding twenty dollars for every such
offence. And if any person shall take, or steal, any packet, bag, or mail of
newspapers, from, or out of any post office, or from any person having
custody thereof, such person shall, on conviction, be imprisoned, not
exceeding three mouths, for every, such offence, to be kept at hard labor
during the period of such imprisonment. If any person shall enclose or
conceal a letter, or other thing, or any memorandum in writing, in a
newspaper, pamphlet, or magazine, or in any package of newspapers,
pamphlets, or magazines, or make any writing or memorandum thereon, which he
shall have delivered into any post office, or to any person for that
purpose, in order that the same may be carried by post, free of letter
postage, he shall forfeit the sum of five dollars for every such offence;
and the letter, newspaper, package, memorandum, or other thing, shall not be
delivered to the person to whom it is directed, until the amount of single
letter postage is paid for each article of which the package is composed. No
newspapers shall be received by the postmasters, to be conveyed by post,
unless they are sufficiently dried and enclosed in proper wrappers, on
which, besides the direction, shall be noted the number of papers which are
enclosed for subscribers, and the number for printers: Provided, That the
number need hot be endorsed, if the publisher shall agree to furnish the
postmaster, at the close of each quarter, a certified statement of the
number of papers sent in the mail, chargeable with postage. The postmaster
general, in any contract he may enter into for the conveyance of the mail,
may authorize the person with whom such contract is to be made, to carry
newspapers, magazines, and pamphlets, other than those conveyed in the mail:
Provided, That no preference shall be given to the publisher of one
newspaper over that of another, in the same place. When the mode of
conveyance, and size of the mail, will admit of it, such magazines and
pamphlets as are published periodically, may be transported in the mail, to
subscribers, at one and a half cents a sheet, for any distance riot
exceeding one hundred miles, and two and a half cents for any greater
distance. And such magazines and pamphlets as are not published
periodically, if sent in the mail, shall be charged with a postage of four
cents on each sheet, for any distance not exceeding one hundred miles, and
six cents for any greater distance. By the act of March 3, 1851, c. 20, s.
2, it is enacted, That all newspapers not exceeding three ounces in weight
sent from the office of publication to actual and bona fide subscribers,
shall be charged with postage is follows, to wit weekly only, within the
county where published, free; for any distance not exceeding fifty miles out
of the county, five cents per quarter; exceeding fifty, and not exceeding
three hundred miles, ten cents per quarter; exceeding three hundred and not
exceeding one thousand miles, fifteen cents per quarter; exceeding one
thousand and not exceeding two thousand miles, twenty cents per quarter
exceeding two thousand and not exceeding four thousand, twenty-five cents
per quarter; exceeding four thousand miles, thirty cents per quarter;
newspapers published monthly, sent to actual and bona fide subscribers, one-
fourth the foregoing rates; published semi-monthly, one-half the foregoing
rates; semi-weekly, double those rates; tri-weekly, treble those rates; and
oftener than tri-weekly, five times those rates; Provided, That newspapers
not containing over three hundred square inches may be transmitted at one-
fourth the above rates. See, as to other newspapers, Postage.