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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Ortho- \Or"tho-\ ([^o]r"th[-o]-) pref. [Gr. 'orqo`s straight;
akin to Skr. [=u]rdhva upright, v[.r]dh to grow, to cause to
grow.]
[1913 Webster]
1. A combining form signifying straight, right, upright,
correct, regular; as, orthodromy, orthodiagonal, orthodox,
orthographic.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Chem.) A combining form (also used adjectively),
designating:
(a) (Inorganic Chem.) The one of several acids of the same
element (as the phosphoric acids), which actually
occurs with the greatest number of hydroxyl groups;
as, orthophosphoric acid. Cf. {Normal}.
(b) (Organic Chem.) Connection with, or affinity to, one
variety of isomerism, characteristic of the benzene
compounds; -- contrasted with {meta-} or {para-}; as,
the ortho position; hence, designating any substance
showing such isomerism; as, an ortho compound.
[1913 Webster]

Note: In the graphic representation of the benzene nucleus
(see {Benzene nucleus}, under {Benzene}), provisionally
adopted, any substance exhibiting double substitution
in adjacent and contiguous carbon atoms, as 1 & 2, 3 &
4, 4 & 5, etc., is designated by ortho-; as,
orthoxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution of
two carbon atoms with one intervening, as 1 & 3, 2 & 4,
3 & 5, 4 & 6, etc., by meta-; as, resorcin or
metaxylene; any substance exhibiting substitution in
opposite parts, as 1 & 4, 2 & 5, 3 & 6, by para-; as,
hydroquinone or paraxylene.
[1913 Webster]

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