Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice Halitosis is a general term used to describe any disagreeable odour of expired air from the mouth [1] [2] Mild transient halitosis is usually caused by release of volatile odorous compounds from bacteria colonising oral surfaces A more persistent form of halitosis is associated with certain oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disease that triggers local accumulation of bacteria Odorous
Halitosis - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice US Halitosis is a general term used to describe any disagreeable odor of expired air from the mouth [1] [2] Mild transient halitosis is usually caused by release of volatile odorous compounds from bacteria colonizing oral surfaces A more persistent form of halitosis is associated with certain oral, respiratory, and gastrointestinal disease that triggers local accumulation of bacteria Odorous
Halitose - Sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento | BMJ Best Practice Halitose é um termo genérico usado para descrever qualquer odor desagradável no ar expirado pela boca [1] [2] A halitose transitória leve geralmente é causada pela liberação de compostos voláteis de enxofre por bactérias que colonizam as superfícies orais Uma forma mais persistente de halitose está associada a certas doenças orais, respiratórias e gastrointestinais que
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease - BMJ Best Practice Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a clinical diagnosis The classic symptoms are heartburn and regurgitation A therapeutic trial of a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) can serve for both diagnosis and initial treatment Upper endoscopy is indicated to evaluate for complications; for atypical
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice Sialadenitis denotes inflammation and swelling of the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, or minor salivary glands Aetiology includes bacterial or viral infection, obstruction, radiotherapy damage, or autoimmune causes Acute bacterial sialadenitis is characterised by rapid onset of pain and swelling In contrast, chronic sialadenitis is characterised by intermittent, recurrent episodes of
Fissured, hairy, and geographic tongue - BMJ Best Practice Full details Other diagnostic factors halitosis (hairy tongue and fissured tongue) bad taste in mouth (hairy tongue) discolouration (hairy tongue and fissured tongue) burning sensation (geographic tongue) oral mucosal pain (hairy tongue)
Assessment of haemoptysis - BMJ Best Practice Haemoptysis is the coughing of blood from a source below the glottis It can range from a small amount of blood-streaked sputum to massive bleeding with life-threatening consequences due to airway obstruction, hypoxaemia, and haemodynamic instability In a study of patients in primary care, t
Differential diagnosis of symptoms - BMJ Best Practice Cough is one of the most common presenting symptom in primary practice Subacute cough is defined as cough persisting for 3-8 weeks, and chronic cough as that persisting for more than 8 weeks in adults Chronic cough in children has been defined as the presence of cough every day for 4 weeks