Uredinales
銹菌目
鏽菌目
Uredinales n 1 :
rust fungi :
parasitic fungi causing rust in plants ;
sometimes placed in [
synonym : {
Uredinales }, {
order Uredinales }]
Uredinales \
Uredinales \,
prop .
n .
pl . (
Biol .)
An order of fungi of the phylum Basidiomycota ,
comprising the rust fungi .
[
PJC ]
The order {
Uredinales }
includes between an estimated 5 ,
000 and 7 ,
000 species of diverse plant pathogens .
They have been around since the Carboniferous Age (
250 -
300 million years ago ),
and were well established on the very first ferns .
Members of Uredinales are well enough adapted that they inhabit every continent except for Antarctica .
Commonly known as the "
rust fungi ,"
they attack nearly all types of plant life ,
and are economically devastating to many crops .
Members of Uredinales have a very diverse and complex life cycle -
that may affect more than one host family and include up to five different stages .
Morphological Features :
Uredinales includes both autoecious and heteroecious parasites .
Autoecious genera infect only one plant host ,
while heteroecious genera carry out different parts of their life cycle on two different hosts .
One example of a heteroecious fungus ,
Puccinia graminis ,
the black stem rust of wheat ,
requires both the barberry bush and a grass to complete its complicated life cycle .
Life cycles of Uredinales are very diverse and complex .
Some genera have up to five stages of their life cycle :
Spermagonia ,
Aecia ,
Uredinia ,
Telia ,
and Basidia .
Spores are produced in each stage with differing ploidy :
spermatia (
n ),
aeciospores (
n n ),
unidiniospores (
n n ),
teliospores (
n n to 2n ),
and basidiospores (
n ).
Genera that do not exhibit all five of these stages either show three or four instead .
Ecology :
Uredinales comprise the most devastating plant pathogens of all Basidiomycota .
Genera of Uredinales are responsible for diseases such as :
coffee rust ,
cedar -
apple rust ,
black stem rust of cereals ,
carnation rust ,
and peanut rust .
There are thousands of other rusts that haven �
t been listed that are also responsible for being seriously detrimental to many genera of plants .
Despite all of the ecological problems that these fungi cause to plants ,
recent efforts have attempted to use some of these rusts to control weedy pests .
--
Kari Jensen (
University of Wisconsin ,
course material )
[
available at :
http ://
botit .
botany .
wisc .
edu /
courses /
Botany_332 /
uredinales .
html ]
[
PJC ]
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