Criminology | Definition, Theories, Facts | Britannica criminology, scientific study of the nonlegal aspects of crime and delinquency, including its causes, correction, and prevention, from the viewpoints of such diverse disciplines as anthropology, biology, psychology and psychiatry, economics, sociology, and statistics
Criminology - Causes, Theories, Prevention | Britannica Criminology - Causes, Theories, Prevention: Biological theories of crime asserted a linkage between certain biological conditions and an increased tendency to engage in criminal behaviour
criminology summary | Britannica criminology, Scientific study of nonlegal aspects of crime, including its causes and prevention Criminology originated in the 18th century when social reformers began to question the use of punishment for retribution rather than deterrence and reform
Criminology - Forensic, Sociology, Psychology | Britannica Criminology encompasses a number of disciplines, drawing on methods and techniques developed in both the natural and the social sciences As do other disciplines, criminology distinguishes between pure and applied research and between statistical and intuitive ways of thinking
Penology | Crime, Punishment Corrections | Britannica Penology, the division of criminology that concerns itself with the philosophy and practice of society in its efforts to repress criminal activities As the term signifies (from Latin poena, “pain,” or “suffering”), penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still stands for the policy
Criminology - Sociology, Theories, Causes | Britannica Criminology - Sociology, Theories, Causes: The largest number of criminological theories have been developed through sociological inquiry These theories have generally asserted that criminal behaviour is a normal response of biologically and psychologically normal individuals to particular kinds of social circumstances
Cesare Lombroso | Cesare Lombroso | Italian, Psychiatrist . . . Cesare Lombroso (born Nov 6, 1835, Verona, Austrian Empire [now in Italy]—died Oct 19, 1909, Turin, Italy) was an Italian criminologist whose views, though now largely discredited, brought about a shift in criminology from a legalistic preoccupation with crime to a scientific study of criminals
Edwin Sutherland | Differential Association Theory, White-Collar Crime . . . Sutherland’s approach was developed through several editions of his book Criminology (1924), arguably the most influential work in the history of the discipline In opposition to the dominant biological and psychological explanations, Sutherland maintained that criminal behaviour is a product of normal learning through social interaction