sheriff 音標拼音: [ʃ'ɛrəf] [ʃ'ɛrɪf]
n . 郡治安官,州長
郡治安官,州長
sheriff n 1 :
the principal law -
enforcement officer in a county Sheriff \
Sher "
iff \,
n . [
OE .
shereve ,
AS .
sc [
imac ]
r -
ger ?
fa ;
sc [
imac ]
r a shire ger ?
fa a reeve .
See Shire ,
and {
Reeve },
and cf . {
Shrievalty }.]
The chief officer of a shire or county ,
to whom is intrusted the execution of the laws ,
the serving of judicial writs and processes ,
and the preservation of the peace .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
In England ,
sheriffs are appointed by the king .
In the United States ,
sheriffs are elected by the legislature or by the citizens ,
or appointed and commissioned by the executive of the State .
The office of sheriff in England is judicial and ministerial .
In the United States ,
it is mainly ministerial .
The sheriff ,
by himself or his deputies ,
executes civil and criminal process throughout the county ,
has charge of the jail and prisoners ,
attends courts ,
and keeps the peace .
His judicial authority is generally confined to ascertaining damages on writs of inquiry and the like .
Sheriff ,
in Scotland ,
called sheriff depute ,
is properly a judge ,
having also certain ministerial powers .
Sheriff clerk is the clerk of the Sheriff '
s Court in Scotland .
Sheriff '
s Court in London is a tribunal having cognizance of certain personal actions in that city . --
Wharton ,
Tomlins .
Erskine .
[
1913 Webster ]
Sheriffship Sheriffry Sheriffdom Sheriffalty 47 Moby Thesaurus words for "
sheriff ":
G -
man ,
MP ,
bailiff ,
beadle ,
beagle ,
bound bailiff ,
captain ,
catchpole ,
chief of police ,
commissioner ,
constable ,
deputy ,
deputy sheriff ,
detective ,
fed ,
federal ,
flic ,
gendarme ,
government man ,
inspector ,
lictor ,
lieutenant ,
mace -
bearer ,
marshal ,
mounted policeman ,
narc ,
officer ,
patrolman ,
peace officer ,
police captain ,
police commissioner ,
police constable ,
police inspector ,
police matron ,
police officer ,
police sergeant ,
policeman ,
policewoman ,
portreeve ,
reeve ,
roundsman ,
sergeant ,
sergeant at arms ,
superintendent ,
tipstaff ,
tipstaves ,
trooper SHERIFF .
The name of the chief officer of the county .
In Latin he is called vice comes ,
because in England he represented the comes or earl .
His name is said to be derived from the Saxon seyre ,
shire or county ,
and reve ,
keeper ,
bailiff ,
or guardian .
2 .
The general duties of the sheriff are ,
1st .
To keep the peace within the county ;
he may apprehend ,
and commit to prison all persons who break the peace or attempt to break it ,
and bind any one in a recognizance to keep the peace .
He is required ex officio ,
to pursue and take all traitors ,
murderers ,
felons and rioters .
He has the keeping of the county gaol and he is bound to defend it against all attacks .
He may command the posse comitatus . (
q .
v .)
3 .-
2d .
In his ministerial capacity ,
the sheriff is bound to execute within his county or bailiwick ,
all process issuing from the courts of the commonwealth .
4 .-
3d .
The sheriff also possesses a judicial capacity ,
but this is very much circumscribed to what it was at common law in England .
It is now generally confined to ascertain damages on writs of inquiry and the like .
5 .
Generally speaking the sheriff has no authority out of his county .
2 Rolle '
s Rep .
163 ;
Plowd ,
37 a .
He may ,
however ,
do mere ministerial acts out of his county ,
as making a return .
Dalt .
Sh .
22 .
Vide ,
generally ,
the various Digests and Abridgments ,
h .
t .;
Dalt .
Sher .;
Wats .
Off .
and Duty of Sheriff ;
Wood '
s Inst .
75 ;
18 Eng .
Com .
Law Rep .
177 ;
2 Phil .
Ev .
213 ;
Chit .
Pr .
Index ,
h .
t .;
Chit .
Pr .
Law ,
Index ,
h .
t .
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