sanhedrim
n . 最高評議會兼最高法院
最高評議會兼最高法院
Sanhedrin \
San "
he *
drin \,
Sanhedrim \
San "
he *
drim \,
n . [
Heb .
sanhedr [
imac ]
n ,
fr .
Gr . ?; ?
with ?
a seat ,
fr . ?
to sit .
See {
Sit }.] (
Jewish Antiq .)
the great council of the Jews ,
which consisted of seventy members ,
to whom the high priest was added .
It had jurisdiction of religious matters .
[
1913 Webster ]
Sanhedrim more correctly Sanhedrin (
Gr .
synedrion ),
meaning "
a sitting together ,"
or a "
council ."
This word (
rendered "
council ,"
A .
V .)
is frequently used in the New Testament (
Matt .
5 :
22 ;
26 :
59 ;
Mark 15 :
1 ,
etc .)
to denote the supreme judicial and administrative council of the Jews ,
which ,
it is said ,
was first instituted by Moses ,
and was composed of seventy men (
Num .
11 :
16 ,
17 ).
But that seems to have been only a temporary arrangement which Moses made .
This council is with greater probability supposed to have originated among the Jews when they were under the domination of the Syrian kings in the time of the Maccabees .
The name is first employed by the Jewish historian Josephus .
This "
council "
is referred to simply as the "
chief priests and elders of the people " (
Matt .
26 :
3 ,
47 ,
57 ,
59 ;
27 :
1 ,
3 ,
12 ,
20 ,
etc .),
before whom Christ was tried on the charge of claiming to be the Messiah .
Peter and John were also brought before it for promulgating heresy (
Acts .
4 :
1 -
23 ;
5 :
17 -
41 );
as was also Stephen on a charge of blasphemy (
6 :
12 -
15 ),
and Paul for violating a temple by -
law (
22 :
30 ;
23 :
1 -
10 ).
The Sanhedrin is said to have consisted of seventy -
one members ,
the high priest being president .
They were of three classes (
1 )
the chief priests ,
or heads of the twenty -
four priestly courses (
1 Chr .
24 ), (
2 )
the scribes ,
and (
3 )
the elders .
As the highest court of judicature , "
in all causes and over all persons ,
ecclesiastical and civil ,
supreme ,"
its decrees were binding ,
not only on the Jews in Palestine ,
but on all Jews wherever scattered abroad .
Its jurisdiction was greatly curtailed by Herod ,
and afterwards by the Romans .
Its usual place of meeting was within the precincts of the temple ,
in the hall "
Gazith ,"
but it sometimes met also in the house of the high priest (
Matt .
26 :
3 ),
who was assisted by two vice -
presidents .
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