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ossifrage    
n. 魚鷹

魚鷹

Ossifrage \Os"si*frage\, n. [L. ossifraga, ossifragus, osprey,
fr. ossifragus bone breaking; os, ossis, a bone frangere,
fractum, to break. See {Osseous}, {Break}, and cf. {Osprey},
{Ossifragous}.] (Zool.)
(a) The lammergeir.
(b) The young of the sea eagle or bald eagle. [Obs.]
[1913 Webster]


Lammergeir \Lam"mer*geir\ (l[a^]m"m[~e]r*g[imac]r), Lammergeier
\Lam"mer*gei`er\, lammergeyer \lam"mer*gey`er\
(l[a^]m"m[~e]r*g[imac]`[~e]r), n. [G. l[aum]mmergeier; lamm,
pl. l[aum]mmer, lamb geier vulture.] (Zool.)
A very large vulture ({Gypa["e]tus barbatus}), which inhabits
the mountains of Southern Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa.
When full-grown it is nine or ten feet in extent of wings. It
is brownish black above, with the under parts and neck rusty
yellow; the forehead and crown white; the sides of the head
and beard black. It feeds partly on carrion and partly on
small animals, which it kills. It has the habit of carrying
tortoises and marrow bones to a great height, and dropping
them on stones to obtain the contents, and is therefore
called {bonebreaker} and {ossifrage}. It is supposed to be
the {ossifrage} of the Bible. Called also {bearded vulture}
and {bearded eagle}.
[1913 Webster]

Ossifrage
Heb. peres = to "break" or "crush", the lammer-geier, or bearded
vulture, the largest of the whole vulture tribe. It was an
unclean bird (Lev. 11:13; Deut. 14:12). It is not a gregarious
bird, and is found but rarely in Palestine. "When the other
vultures have picked the flesh off any animal, he comes in at
the end of the feast, and swallows the bones, or breaks them,
and swallows the pieces if he cannot otherwise extract the
marrow. The bones he cracks [hence the appropriateness of the
name ossifrage, i.e., "bone-breaker"] by letting them fall on a
rock from a great height. He does not, however, confine himself
to these delicacies, but whenever he has an opportunity will
devour lambs, kids, or hares. These he generally obtains by
pushing them over cliffs, when he has watched his opportunity;
and he has been known to attack men while climbing rocks, and
dash them against the bottom. But tortoises and serpents are his
ordinary food...No doubt it was a lammer-geier that mistook the
bald head of the poet AEschylus for a stone, and dropped on it
the tortoise which killed him" (Tristram's Nat. Hist.).

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