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prolog    音標拼音: [prol'ɑg]
n. 電腦人工智慧程序語言之一

電腦人工智慧程式語言之一

prolog
前言

Prolog
n 1: a computer language designed in Europe to support natural
language processing [synonym: {Prolog}, {logic programing},
{logic programming}]

Prolog \Pro"log\, n. & v.
Prologue.
[1913 Webster]


PROLOG \PRO"LOG\ (pr[=o]"l[o^]g), n. (Computers)
A declarative higher-level programming language in which
instructions are written not as explicit procedural
data-manipulation commands, but as logical statements. The
language has built-in resolution procedures for logical
inference.
[PJC]


higher programming language \higher programming language\ n.
(Computers)
A computer programming language with an instruction set
allowing one instruction to code for several assembly
language instructions.

Note: The aggregation of several assembly-language
instructions into one instruction allows much greater
efficiency in writing computer programs. Most programs
are now written in some higher programming language,
such as {BASIC}, {FORTRAN}, {COBOL}, {C}, {C},
{PROLOG}, or {JAVA}.
[PJC]

Programming in Logic or (French) Programmation
en Logique. The first of the huge family of {logic
programming} languages.

Prolog was invented by Alain Colmerauer and Phillipe Roussel
at the University of Aix-Marseille in 1971. It was first
implemented 1972 in {ALGOL-W}. It was designed originally for
{natural-language processing} but has become one of the most
widely used languages for {artificial intelligence}.

It is based on {LUSH} (or {SLD}) {resolution} {theorem
proving} and {unification}. The first versions had no
user-defined functions and no control structure other than the
built-in {depth-first search} with {backtracking}. Early
collaboration between Marseille and Robert Kowalski at
{University of Edinburgh} continued until about 1975.

Early implementations included {C-Prolog}, {ESLPDPRO},
{Frolic}, {LM-Prolog}, {Open Prolog}, {SB-Prolog}, {UPMAIL
Tricia Prolog}. In 1998, the most common Prologs in use are
{Quintus Prolog}, {SICSTUS Prolog}, {LPA Prolog}, {SWI
Prolog}, {AMZI Prolog}, {SNI Prolog}.

{ISO} draft standard at {Darmstadt, Germany
(ftp://ftp.th-darmstadt.de/pub/programming/languages/prolog/standard/)}.
or {UGA, USA (ftp://ai.uga.edu/ai.prolog.standard)}.

See also {negation by failure}, {Kamin's interpreters},
{Paradigms of AI Programming}, {Aditi}.

A Prolog {interpreter} in {Scheme}.
{(ftp://cpsc.ucalgary.ca/pub/prolog1.1)}.

{A Prolog package
(ftp://cpsc.ucalgary.ca/pub/prolog1.1/prolog11.tar.Z)} from
the {University of Calgary} features {delayed goals} and
{interval arithmetic}. It requires {Scheme} with
{continuations}.

["Programming in Prolog", W.F. Clocksin & C.S. Mellish,
Springer, 1985].

(2001-04-01)

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