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Bouvier's Law Dictionary, Revised 6th Edition (1856)

REPAIRS. That work which is done to an estate to keep it in good order.
2. What a party is bound to do, when the law imposes upon him the duty
to make necessary repairs, does not appear to be very accurately defined.
Natural and unavoidable decay in the buildings must always be allowed for
when there is no express covenant to the contrary; and it seems, the lessee
will satisfy the obligation the law imposes on him, by delivering the
premises at the expiration of his tenancy, in a habitable state. Questions
in relation to repairs most frequently arise between the landlord and
tenant.
3. When there is no express agreement between the parties, the tenant
is always required to do the necessary repairs. Woodf. L. & T. 244: Arch. L.
& T. 188. He is therefore bound to put in windows or doors that have been
broken by him, so as to prevent any decay of the premises, but he is not
required to put a new room on an old worn out house. 2 Esp. N. P. C. 590.
4. An express covenant on the part of the lessee to keep a house in
repair, and leave it in as good a plight as it was when the lease was made,
does not bind him to repair the ordinary and natural decay. Woodf. L. & T.
256. And it has been held that such a covenant does not bind him to rebuild
a house which had been destroyed by a public enemy. 1 Dall. 210.
5. As to the time when the repairs are to be made, it would seem
reasonable that when the lessor is bound to make them he should have the
right to enter and make them, when a delay until after the expiration of the
lease would be injurious to the estate: but when no such damage exists, the
landlord should have no right to enter without the consent of the tenant.
See 18 Toull. n. 297. When a house has been destroyed by accidental fire,
neither the tenant nor the landlord is bound to rebuild unless obliged by
some agreement so to do. 4 Paige R. 355; 1 T. R. 708; Fonb. Eq. B. 1, c. 6,
s. S. Vide 6 T. R. 650; 4 Camp. R. 275; Harr. Dig. Covenant VII. Vide Com.
Rep. 627; 6 T. R. 650; 21 Show. 401; 3. Ves. Jr. 34; Co. Litt., 27 a, note
1; 3 John. R. 44; 6 Mass. R. 63; Platt on Cov. 266; Com. L. & T. 200; Com.
Dig. Condition, L 12; Civil Code of Louis. 2070; 1 Saund. 322, n. 1; Id.
323, n. 7; 2 Saund, 158 b, n. 7 & 10; Bouv. Inst. Index. h.t.

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