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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Screening \Screen"ing\ (skr[=e]n"[i^]ng), n.
the process of examining or testing objects methodically to
find those having desirable properties. See {screen[3]}.

Note: In the pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical
screening involves testing a large number of samples of
substances to find those having desirable
pharmacological activity; those samples which have the
property sought are called active or positive in the
screen. The substances tested may be pure compounds
with known structure, mixtures of pure compounds, or
complex mixtures obtained by extraction from living
organisms. There are often additional sets of test
performed on active samples, called

{counterscreening} to eliminate those samples that may also
possess undesirable properties. In the case of screening
of mixtures from living organisms, a type of
{counterscreening} called {dereplication} is usually
performed, to determine if the active sample contains a
known compound which has previously been studied.
[PJC]


Screen \Screen\ (skr[=e]n), v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Screened}; p.
pr. & vb. n. {Screening}.]
1. To provide with a shelter or means of concealment; to
separate or cut off from inconvenience, injury, or danger;
to shelter; to protect; to protect by hiding; to conceal;
as, fruits screened from cold winds by a forest or hill.
[1913 Webster]

They were encouraged and screened by some who were
in high commands. --Macaulay.
[1913 Webster]

2. To pass, as coal, gravel, ashes, etc., through a screen in
order to separate the coarse from the fine, or the
worthless from the valuable; to sift.
[1913 Webster]

3. to examine a group of objects methodically, to separate
them into groups or to select one or more for some
purpose. As:
(a) To inspect the qualifications of candidates for a job,
to select one or more to be hired.
(b) (Biochem., Med.) to test a large number of samples, in
order to find those having specific desirable
properties; as, to screen plant extracts for
anticancer agents.
[PJC]

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