英文字典中文字典Word104.com



中文字典辭典   英文字典 a   b   c   d   e   f   g   h   i   j   k   l   m   n   o   p   q   r   s   t   u   v   w   x   y   z   







請輸入英文單字,中文詞皆可:

Smalltalk    音標拼音: [sm'ɔlt,ɔk]
The pioneering {object-oriented programming} system
developed in 1972 by the Software Concepts Group, led by {Alan
Kay}, at {Xerox PARC} between 1971 and 1983. It includes a
language, a programming environment, and an extensive object
library.

Smalltalk took the concepts of {class} and {message} from
{Simula-67} and made them all-pervasive. Innovations included
the {bitmap display}, windowing system, and use of a {mouse}.

The {syntax} is very simple. The fundamental construction is
to send a message to an {object}:

object message

or with extra parameters

object message: param1 secondArg: param2 .. nthArg: paramN

where "secondArg:" etc. are considered to be part of the
message name.

Five pseudo-variables are defined: "self", "super", "nil",
"true", "false". "self" is the receiver of the current
message. "super" is used to delegate processing of a message
to the {superclass} of the receiver. "nil" is a reference to
"nothing" (an instance of UndefinedObject). All variables
initially contain a reference to nil. "true" and "false" are
{Booleans}.

In Smalltalk, any message can be sent to any object. The
recipient object itself decides (based on the message name,
also called the "message selector") how to respond to the
message. Because of that, the {multiple inheritance} system
included in the early versions of Smalltalk-80 appeared to be
unused in practice. All modern implementations have single
inheritance, so each class can have at most one superclass.

Early implementations were {interpreted} but all modern ones
use {dynamic translation} (JIT).

Early versions were Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, Smalltalk-76
(inheritance taken from Simula, and concurrency), and
Smalltalk-78, {Smalltalk-80}. Other versions include {Little
Smalltalk}, {Smalltalk/V}, {Kamin's interpreters}. Current
versions are {VisualWorks}, {Squeak}, {VisualAge}, {Dolphin
Smalltalk}, {Object Studio}, {GNU Smalltalk}.

See also: {International Smalltalk Association}.

{UIUC Smalltalk archive (http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/)}.
{FAQ (http://XCF.Berkeley.EDU/pub/misc/smalltalk/FAQ/)}.

{Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.smalltalk}.

["The Smalltalk-76 Programming System Design and
Implementation", D.H. Ingalls, 5th POPL, ACM 1978, pp. 9-16].

(2001-09-11)

請選擇你想看的字典辭典:
單詞字典翻譯
SmallTalk查看 SmallTalk 在Google字典中的解釋Google英翻中〔查看〕
SmallTalk查看 SmallTalk 在Yahoo字典中的解釋Yahoo英翻中〔查看〕





安裝中文字典英文字典查詢工具!


中文字典英文字典工具:
選擇顏色:
輸入中英文單字

































































英文字典中文字典相關資料:
  • U. S. Air Force Bomber Sustainment and Modernization . . . - DTIC
    central in Congress’s decision making on the bomber force include the following: • the Obama Administration’s 2012 rebalance in national security strategy toward the Asia-Pacific region and the military implications applicable to the bomber force; • the expected contribution of bombers in accomplishing the critical missions of
  • The Air Forces B-21 Raider Bomber Dilemma Wont Be Fixed . . .
    Should the Pentagon and the United States Air Force decide to flex and “scale” its B-21 Raider bomber effort? Would that lower the $700 million per-plane costs and meet or start to meet the services’ long-standing “bomber deficit?”
  • Reduce the Size of the Bomber Force by Retiring the B-1B
    Although the Air Force plans to replace them with B-21 bombers that are under development, the potential service life of many B-1B bombers extends well into the 2030s This option would retire the entire B-1B bomber fleet in 2026 and eliminate the military personnel positions in the squadrons that would be removed from the force
  • Long-Range Bombers: Background and Issues for Congress
    Decisions in Congress and the Department of Defense regarding bombers may have important long-term implications Each of the three bombers is in need of expensive upgrades, and decisions about the funding of these upgrades may affect the continued utility of these aircraft
  • Future of U. S. strategic bomber fleet centers on B-21 . . .
    As budget deliberations progress, lawmakers will determine the future size and composition of the U S bomber force Decisions on B-21 procurement, infrastructure upgrades, and readiness posture will shape the strategic capabilities of the Air Force for decades to come Source: U S Strategic Bombers (Congressional Research Service)
  • Why The U. S. Needs To Invest More In Bombers - Forbes
    U S Air Force bombers represent a crucial capability needed to support the 2018 National Defense Strategy, with the range, payload, endurance, and resiliency to hold targets at risk anywhere and
  • Providing an Effective Bomber Force for the Future | RAND
    In testimony before the Senate Armed Services Committee, the authors outline RAND's assessment of what is necessary to provide the United States with an effective bomber force for the future They focus on the implications of recent Air Force decisions to reduce the size of the bomber force





中文字典-英文字典  2005-2009

|中文姓名英譯,姓名翻譯 |简体中文英文字典