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Smalltalk    音標拼音: [sm'ɔlt,ɔk]
The pioneering {object-oriented programming} system
developed in 1972 by the Software Concepts Group, led by {Alan
Kay}, at {Xerox PARC} between 1971 and 1983. It includes a
language, a programming environment, and an extensive object
library.

Smalltalk took the concepts of {class} and {message} from
{Simula-67} and made them all-pervasive. Innovations included
the {bitmap display}, windowing system, and use of a {mouse}.

The {syntax} is very simple. The fundamental construction is
to send a message to an {object}:

object message

or with extra parameters

object message: param1 secondArg: param2 .. nthArg: paramN

where "secondArg:" etc. are considered to be part of the
message name.

Five pseudo-variables are defined: "self", "super", "nil",
"true", "false". "self" is the receiver of the current
message. "super" is used to delegate processing of a message
to the {superclass} of the receiver. "nil" is a reference to
"nothing" (an instance of UndefinedObject). All variables
initially contain a reference to nil. "true" and "false" are
{Booleans}.

In Smalltalk, any message can be sent to any object. The
recipient object itself decides (based on the message name,
also called the "message selector") how to respond to the
message. Because of that, the {multiple inheritance} system
included in the early versions of Smalltalk-80 appeared to be
unused in practice. All modern implementations have single
inheritance, so each class can have at most one superclass.

Early implementations were {interpreted} but all modern ones
use {dynamic translation} (JIT).

Early versions were Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, Smalltalk-76
(inheritance taken from Simula, and concurrency), and
Smalltalk-78, {Smalltalk-80}. Other versions include {Little
Smalltalk}, {Smalltalk/V}, {Kamin's interpreters}. Current
versions are {VisualWorks}, {Squeak}, {VisualAge}, {Dolphin
Smalltalk}, {Object Studio}, {GNU Smalltalk}.

See also: {International Smalltalk Association}.

{UIUC Smalltalk archive (http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/)}.
{FAQ (http://XCF.Berkeley.EDU/pub/misc/smalltalk/FAQ/)}.

{Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.smalltalk}.

["The Smalltalk-76 Programming System Design and
Implementation", D.H. Ingalls, 5th POPL, ACM 1978, pp. 9-16].

(2001-09-11)

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英文字典中文字典相關資料:
  • Smalltalk - Wikipedia
    Smalltalk is a purely object-oriented programming language that was originally created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, but later found use in business
  • Squeak Smalltalk
    Squeak is a modern, open source, full-featured implementation of the powerful Smalltalk programming language and environment
  • Learn Smalltalk in Y Minutes
    Smalltalk is a fully object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language with no 'non-object' types Smalltalk was created as the language to underpin the "new world" of computing exemplified by "human–computer symbiosis "
  • GNU Smalltalk - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
    GNU Smalltalk is a free implementation of the Smalltalk-80 language which runs on most versions on Unix and, in general, everywhere you can find a POSIX-compliance library
  • Welcome to the Smalltalk Zoo
    Here you will find various Smalltalk stories and artifacts that I have collected from years of building Smalltalk systems at Xerox, Apple, HP, and Disney This collection began as background material for a paper that I wrote for the ACM's History of Programming Languages conference in 2020
  • GNU Smalltalk User’s Guide: Tutorial
    This document provides a tutorial introduction to the Smalltalk language in general, and the GNU Smalltalk implementation in particular
  • Smalltalk - HandWiki
    Smalltalk is a purely object-oriented programming language (OOP) that was originally created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, but later found use in business
  • Squeak Smalltalk | Documentation
    Squeak is a modern, open source, full-featured implementation of the powerful Smalltalk programming language and environment
  • GNU Smalltalk User’s Guide
    The Smalltalk programming language is an object oriented programming language This means, for one thing, that when programming you are thinking of not only the data that an object contains, but also of the operations available on that object
  • Squeak Smalltalk | Downloads
    Squeak is a modern, open source, full-featured implementation of the powerful Smalltalk programming language and environment





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