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Smalltalk    音標拼音: [sm'ɔlt,ɔk]
The pioneering {object-oriented programming} system
developed in 1972 by the Software Concepts Group, led by {Alan
Kay}, at {Xerox PARC} between 1971 and 1983. It includes a
language, a programming environment, and an extensive object
library.

Smalltalk took the concepts of {class} and {message} from
{Simula-67} and made them all-pervasive. Innovations included
the {bitmap display}, windowing system, and use of a {mouse}.

The {syntax} is very simple. The fundamental construction is
to send a message to an {object}:

object message

or with extra parameters

object message: param1 secondArg: param2 .. nthArg: paramN

where "secondArg:" etc. are considered to be part of the
message name.

Five pseudo-variables are defined: "self", "super", "nil",
"true", "false". "self" is the receiver of the current
message. "super" is used to delegate processing of a message
to the {superclass} of the receiver. "nil" is a reference to
"nothing" (an instance of UndefinedObject). All variables
initially contain a reference to nil. "true" and "false" are
{Booleans}.

In Smalltalk, any message can be sent to any object. The
recipient object itself decides (based on the message name,
also called the "message selector") how to respond to the
message. Because of that, the {multiple inheritance} system
included in the early versions of Smalltalk-80 appeared to be
unused in practice. All modern implementations have single
inheritance, so each class can have at most one superclass.

Early implementations were {interpreted} but all modern ones
use {dynamic translation} (JIT).

Early versions were Smalltalk-72, Smalltalk-74, Smalltalk-76
(inheritance taken from Simula, and concurrency), and
Smalltalk-78, {Smalltalk-80}. Other versions include {Little
Smalltalk}, {Smalltalk/V}, {Kamin's interpreters}. Current
versions are {VisualWorks}, {Squeak}, {VisualAge}, {Dolphin
Smalltalk}, {Object Studio}, {GNU Smalltalk}.

See also: {International Smalltalk Association}.

{UIUC Smalltalk archive (http://st-www.cs.uiuc.edu/)}.
{FAQ (http://XCF.Berkeley.EDU/pub/misc/smalltalk/FAQ/)}.

{Usenet} newsgroup: {news:comp.lang.smalltalk}.

["The Smalltalk-76 Programming System Design and
Implementation", D.H. Ingalls, 5th POPL, ACM 1978, pp. 9-16].

(2001-09-11)

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英文字典中文字典相關資料:
  • Smalltalk - Wikipedia
    Smalltalk is a purely object-oriented programming language that was originally created in the 1970s for educational use, specifically for constructionist learning, but later found use in business
  • Squeak Smalltalk
    Squeak is a modern, open source, full-featured implementation of the powerful Smalltalk programming language and environment
  • Learn Smalltalk in Y Minutes
    Smalltalk is a fully object-oriented, dynamically typed, reflective programming language with no 'non-object' types Smalltalk was created as the language to underpin the "new world" of computing exemplified by "human–computer symbiosis "
  • 五分钟看懂 Smalltalk 语言 - 知乎
    不仅仅是定义类，还有我们常用的分支、循环语句等，在 Smalltalk 中都可以通过发送消息的形式来实现，而无需定义额外的诸如 if 、 while 等关键字。 这或许就是 Smalltalk 把类似 subclass: 之类的带参消息都称作 keyword 的原因。
  • GNU Smalltalk User’s Guide: Tutorial
    This document provides a tutorial introduction to the Smalltalk language in general, and the GNU Smalltalk implementation in particular
  • GNU Smalltalk - Wikipedia
    GNU Smalltalk is an implementation of the Smalltalk programming language by the GNU Project The implementation, unlike other Smalltalk environments, uses text files for program input and interprets the contents as Smalltalk code
  • GitHub - gnu-smalltalk smalltalk: GNU Smalltalk
    Smalltalk calls "methods", that are available for that object You cannot even examine the contents of an object from the outside To an outsider, the object is a black box that has some state and some operations available, but that's all you know In the Smalltalk language, everything is an object This includes
  • Introduction to Smalltalk - GeeksforGeeks
    It was designed in early 1970's and initially came as Smalltalk-80 which was later known as Smalltalk It was designed by Alan Kay, Adele Goldberg, Dan Ingalls, and others in the Learning Research Group at Xerox PARC
  • GNU Smalltalk - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)
    GNU Smalltalk is a free implementation of the Smalltalk-80 language which runs on most versions on Unix and, in general, everywhere you can find a POSIX-compliance library
  • Squeak Smalltalk | Downloads
    Squeak is a modern, open source, full-featured implementation of the powerful Smalltalk programming language and environment





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