Empyema - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice Empyema is defined as the presence of pus in the pleural space Risk factors include pneumonia, iatrogenic intervention in the pleural space, diabetes, and alcohol abuse In patients with symptoms and signs of infection and a significant pleural effusion, thoracentesis (pleural aspiration) must b
Empiema - Sintomas, diagnóstico e tratamento | BMJ Best Practice O empiema é definido como a presença de pus no espaço pleural Fatores de risco incluem pneumonia, intervenção iatrogênica no espaço pleural, diabetes e abuso de álcool Em pacientes com sintomas e sinais de infecção e um derrame pleural significativo, deve-se realizar uma toracocentese (aspiraçã
Empiema - Síntomas, diagnóstico y tratamiento | BMJ Best Practice El empiema se define como la presencia de pus en el espacio pleural Los factores de riesgo incluyen neumonía, intervención iatrogénica en el espacio pleural, diabetes y abuso de alcohol A los pacientes que presenten síntomas y signos de infección y un derrame pleural significativo, se les debe
Community-acquired pneumonia in children - BMJ Best Practice Complicated pneumonia is defined as pulmonary parenchymal infection that is complicated by parapneumonic effusions, multi-lobar disease, abscesses or cavities, necrotising pneumonia, empyema, or pneumothorax of bronchopleural fistula; or pneumonia that is a complication of bacteraemic disease that includes other sites of infection
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice Sputum culture and Gram stain are usually inconclusive but may identify the infecting organism Complications of disease include lung abscess and empyema Aspiration pneumonia predominantly occurs in older adults As such, the recommendations in this topic are principally referring to practice in adults
Community-acquired pneumonia in children - BMJ Best Practice Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in childhood typically presents with fever and cough, together with hypoxemia (oxygen saturation ≤96% on pulse oximetry), tachypnea, and often signs of increased work of breathing (e g , chest retractions, nasal flaring, head bobbing, grunting) Most cases are c
Assessment of clubbing - BMJ Best Practice An important nail sign of systemic disease linked with underlying pulmonary, cardiovascular, neoplastic, infectious, hepatobiliary, mediastinal, endocrine, and gastrointestinal disorders Digital clubbing may also occur in isolation (e g , familial clubbing, as an autosomal-dominant trait) Definition Clubbing is a bulbous uniform swelling of the soft tissue of the terminal phalanx of a digit
Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment - BMJ Best Practice Pleural effusion predominantly presents with breathlessness, but cough and pleuritic chest pain can be a feature The aetiology of the pleural effusion determines other signs and symptoms Postero-anterior chest x-ray will show an effusion of >200 mL of fluid An ultrasound, chest computed tomogr
Pulmonary medicine - BMJ Best Practice E Empyema Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) Evaluation of chronic cough Evaluation of clubbing Evaluation of cyanosis in the newborn Evaluation of dyspnea Evaluation of hemoptysis Evaluation of mediastinal mass Evaluation of persistent pulmonary infiltrate Evaluation of pleuritis Evaluation of respiratory
Lung abscess - Symptoms, diagnosis and treatment | BMJ Best Practice Lung abscess is a circumscribed collection of pus in the lung that leads to cavity formation Aspiration of gastric contents is the most common causative factor Mixed microbial flora, including anaerobic bacteria and microaerophilic streptococci, are involved in abscess formation related to the