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metaphysics    音標拼音: [m,ɛtəf'ɪzɪks]
n. 形而上學,純粹哲學,宇宙哲學

形而上學,純粹哲學,宇宙哲學

metaphysics
n 1: the philosophical study of being and knowing

Metaphysics \Met`a*phys"ics\, n. [Gr. ? ? ? after those things
which relate to external nature, after physics, fr. ? beyond,
after ? relating to external nature, natural, physical, fr.
? nature: cf. F. m['e]taphysique. See {Physics}. The term was
first used by the followers of Aristotle as a name for that
part of his writings which came after, or followed, the part
which treated of physics.]
1. The science of real as distinguished from phenomenal
being; ontology; also, the science of being, with
reference to its abstract and universal conditions, as
distinguished from the science of determined or concrete
being; the science of the conceptions and relations which
are necessarily implied as true of every kind of being;
philosophy in general; first principles, or the science of
first principles.
[1913 Webster]

Note: Metaphysics is distinguished as general and special.
{General metaphysics} is the science of all being as
being. {Special metaphysics} is the science of one kind
of being; as, the metaphysics of chemistry, of morals,
or of politics. According to Kant, a systematic
exposition of those notions and truths, the knowledge
of which is altogether independent of experience, would
constitute the science of metaphysics.
[1913 Webster]

Commonly, in the schools, called metaphysics, as
being part of the philosophy of Aristotle, which
hath that for title; but it is in another sense:
for there it signifieth as much as "books written
or placed after his natural philosophy." But the
schools take them for "books of supernatural
philosophy;" for the word metaphysic will bear
both these senses. --Hobbes.
[1913 Webster]

Now the science conversant about all such
inferences of unknown being from its known
manifestations, is called ontology, or
metaphysics proper. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]

Metaphysics are [is] the science which determines
what can and what can not be known of being, and
the laws of being, a priori. --Coleridge.
[1913 Webster]

2. Hence: The scientific knowledge of mental phenomena;
mental philosophy; psychology.
[1913 Webster]

Metaphysics, in whatever latitude the term be taken,
is a science or complement of sciences exclusively
occupied with mind. --Sir W.
Hamilton.
[1913 Webster]

Whether, after all,
A larger metaphysics might not help
Our physics. --Mrs.
Browning.
[1913 Webster]

30 Moby Thesaurus words for "metaphysics":
aesthetics, axiology, casuistry, cosmology, epistemology, ethics,
existentialism, first philosophy, gnosiology, hyperphysics, logic,
mental philosophy, moral philosophy, ontology, phenomenology,
philosophastry, philosophic doctrine, philosophic system,
philosophic theory, philosophical inquiry,
philosophical speculation, philosophy, school of philosophy,
school of thought, science of being, sophistry,
the first philosophy, theory of beauty, theory of knowledge,
value theory

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  • Please explain to a beginner: what is metaphysics?
    Metaphysics is the branch of thinking about what may exist, but we're not sure Many phenomena had first an explanation on the metaphysics realm (also called mythology by some, though mythology is more about the three realms at the same time); only later science described those phenomena in terms of known causes and quantities
  • What is the difference between metaphysics and ontology?
    Metaphysics is a very broad field, and metaphysicians attempt to answer questions about how the world is Ontology is a related sub-field, partially within metaphysics, that answers questions of what things exist in the world An ontology posits which entities exist in the world
  • Newest metaphysics Questions - Philosophy Stack Exchange
    Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy concerned with explaining the essence of things, of the fundamental nature of being and the world and the principles that organize the universe Metaphysics is supposed to answer the question "What is the nature of reality?"
  • metaphysics - Distinction between essence,substance, being . . .
    Existence: I've never really seen this defined, and contemporary analytic metaphysics tends to make no distinction between existing and being The Meinongians famously distinguished between different kinds of being, where some things with being might not exist
  • What are some real-life applications of metaphysics?
    How has metaphysics impacted the real-world, if at all? The difference between these two questions becomes clear if we consider another example An enumeration of the 'real-world applications' of music might include prenatal music therapy, whereas the impact of music on the world is so much broader than any single 'application' that it would
  • metaphysics - Aquinas on the relation between essence, being, and . . .
    In Summa Contra Gentiles 2 9 4, Aquinas writes Just as active power is something acting, so is its essence something being [Sicut potentia activa est aliquid agens, ita essentia eius est aliquid e
  • metaphysics - What is the difference between the spiritual and the . . .
    Metaphysics deals with one naturalistic transcendental being — the human subject — and its relationship to objects, other human subjects, and abstract concepts Spirituality presumes one, or several, or a multitude, of other transcendental beings — spirits, which might be gods, or demons, or ghosts, or some essence that is embodied in
  • metaphysics - Can free will exist in principle if one can return to a . . .
    With the emphasis on "feel", you've hit the reason I don't worry about this question: If I can't tell the difference, I honestly don't care whether I have free will or just think I have free will, just as I don't care about the simulation hypothesis "There are metaphysics that matter, and metaphysics that don't, and this is one of them ”
  • metaphysics - What does Thomas Aquinas think about the nature of . . .
    Here is what I was able to find on page 69 of Rahner's book at the Internet Archive: "Knowing does not come about “through a contact of the intellect with the intelligible thing,” but being and knowing are the same: “the intellect and the known and the knowing are the same ”
  • metaphysics - What is the difference in concrete things between being . . .
    metaphysics recognises the clearing of being either solely as the view of what is present in “outward appearance” (ἰδἐα) or critically as what is seen in the perspect of categorial representation on the part of subjectivity This means that the truth of being as the clearing itself remains concealed for metaphysics [163]





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