英文字典中文字典Word104.com

The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Civil \Civ"il\, a. [L. civilis, fr. civis citizen: cf. F. civil.
See {City}.]
1. Pertaining to a city or state, or to a citizen in his
relations to his fellow citizens or to the state; within
the city or state.
[1913 Webster]

2. Subject to government; reduced to order; civilized; not
barbarous; -- said of the community.
[1913 Webster]

England was very rude and barbarous; for it is but
even the other day since England grew civil.
--Spenser.
[1913 Webster]

3. Performing the duties of a citizen; obedient to
government; -- said of an individual.
[1913 Webster]

Civil men come nearer the saints of God than others;
they come within a step or two of heaven. --Preston
[1913 Webster]

4. Having the manners of one dwelling in a city, as opposed
to those of savages or rustics; polite; courteous;
complaisant; affable.
[1913 Webster]

Note: "A civil man now is one observant of slight external
courtesies in the mutual intercourse between man and
man; a civil man once was one who fulfilled all the
duties and obligations flowing from his position as a
'civis' and his relations to the other members of that
'civitas.'" --Trench
[1913 Webster]

5. Pertaining to civic life and affairs, in distinction from
military, ecclesiastical, or official state.
[1913 Webster]

6. Relating to rights and remedies sought by action or suit
distinct from criminal proceedings.
[1913 Webster]

{Civil action}, an action to enforce the rights or redress
the wrongs of an individual, not involving a criminal
proceeding.

{Civil architecture}, the architecture which is employed in
constructing buildings for the purposes of civil life, in
distinction from military and naval architecture, as
private houses, palaces, churches, etc.

{Civil death}. (Law.) See under {Death}.

{Civil engineering}. See under {Engineering}.

{Civil law}. See under {Law}.

{Civil list}. See under {List}.

{Civil remedy} (Law), that given to a person injured, by
action, as opposed to a criminal prosecution.

{Civil service}, all service rendered to and paid for by the
state or nation other than that pertaining to naval or
military affairs.

{Civil service reform}, the substitution of business
principles and methods for the spoils system in the
conduct of the civil service, esp. in the matter of
appointments to office.

{Civil state}, the whole body of the laity or citizens not
included under the military, maritime, and ecclesiastical
states.

{Civil suit}. Same as {Civil action}.

{Civil war}. See under {War}.

{Civil year}. See under {Year}.
[1913 Webster]